The Importance of a Sound Mind and Body in Homers Odyssey Essay

The enormousness of a Sound Mind and Body in Homers Odyssey If one were to only guard a genuinely fit and strong body, lacking mental ability, to the classicals it would non suffice. If a man were merely smart and intelligent, without much physical capability, the Greeks would feel that he is not complete. They believed an mortal must have have both, a hygienic developed mind and a fit body, not only one or the other, to be ideal. This is the Greek concept of a sizeable mind and body. In Homers Odyssey, Odysseus and Telemachos, had to have and/or achieve a reasoning(a) mind and body, to be the successful and out live oning characters of the epic. The ones who lacked these flavor suffered and paid for it in the end. In Books one and two, Telemachos acts immaturely and lacks mental prowess. For this reason he makes his life difficult. Yet, Later on he matures and gains a sound mind. Telemachos surely has a sound body. Menelaos says of how ...it amazes me quit e, how this young man(Telemachos) looks exactly similar Odysseus, strong and mighty summon 47. Yet, he is criticized by others, for the reason that he does not have a sound mind. In an attempt to stand his ground, in front of the council he breaks down into tears. Antinoos says Telemachos you are a boaster, and you dont know how to keep your temperpage 24. Telemachos made an attempt to express his effectual point of view, and does so, but fails to convince the council. He breaks down in tears, showing how immature he really is. He does not have a sound mind. The council basked in this weakness and was even more critical of him at that point. Later on, he is told of how (Tele... ...the other-hand, the ones that lacked either a sound mind or body, failed. Odysseus and Telemachos were able to chance on each other and win back their home, while the suitors and even Achilles were robbed of their lives. It is a fact that a sound mind and body were an essential ideal in th e ancient Greek society and The Odyssey. Works Cited and Consulted Crane, Gregory , Calypso Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey, Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homers Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer (Translated by Robert Fagles. Preface by Bernard Knox). The Odyssey. saucily York Viking Penguin, div. of Penguin Books, Ltd. 1996. Rengakos, Antonios. Homertext und die Hellenistichen Dichter. Hermes. Einzelschriften, Heft 64. Stuttgart, F. Steiner, 1993. The Importance of a Sound Mind and Body in Homers Odyssey EssayThe Importance of a Sound Mind and Body in Homers Odyssey If one were to only have a very fit and strong body, lacking mental ability, to the Greeks it would not suffice. If a man were merely smart and intelligent, without much physical capability, the Greeks would feel that he is not complete. They believed an individual must have have both, a well developed mind and a fit body, not only one or the other, to be ideal. This is the Greek concept of a sound mind and body. In Homers Odyssey, Odysseus and Telemachos, had to have and/or achieve a sound mind and body, to be the successful and outstanding characters of the epic. The ones who lacked these quality suffered and paid for it in the end. In Books one and two, Telemachos acts immaturely and lacks mental prowess. For this reason he makes his life difficult. Yet, Later on he matures and gains a sound mind. Telemachos certainly has a sound body. Menelaos says of how ...it amazes me quite, how this young man(Telemachos) looks exactly like Odysseus, strong and mightypage 47. Yet, he is criticized by others, for the reason that he does not have a sound mind. In an attempt to stand his ground, in front of the council he breaks down into tears. Antinoos says Telemachos you are a boaster, and you dont know how to keep your temperpage 24. Telemachos made an attempt to express his valid poi nt of view, and does so, but fails to convince the council. He breaks down in tears, showing how immature he really is. He does not have a sound mind. The council basked in this weakness and was even more critical of him at that point. Later on, he is told of how (Tele... ...the other-hand, the ones that lacked either a sound mind or body, failed. Odysseus and Telemachos were able to find each other and win back their home, while the suitors and even Achilles were robbed of their lives. It is a fact that a sound mind and body were an essential ideal in the ancient Greek society and The Odyssey. Works Cited and Consulted Crane, Gregory , Calypso Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey, Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homers Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer (Translated by Robert Fagles. Preface by Bernard Knox). The Odyssey. New York Viking Penguin, div. of Penguin Books, Ltd. 1996. Rengakos, Antonios . Homertext und die Hellenistichen Dichter. Hermes. Einzelschriften, Heft 64. Stuttgart, F. Steiner, 1993.

artificial intelligence Essay -- essays research papers

Artificial intelligence or Al for short capability of a computer to perform functions that is normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, larn or self-improvement. Its concept requests a lot more than present learning to the user it requires that the machine is not only able to store and manipulate information but also to deal with its "meaning". AI is what we call understanding, a combination of computer science, physiology and philosophy. The element that the fields of Al have in third estate is the creation of machines that can "think". In order to classify machines as "thinking", it is necessary to define intelligence. To what level does intelligence consist of, for example, solving multiplex problems, or making generalizations and rel...

War? :: essays research papers

Owens poem serves to uncover the lie that "it is sweet and becoming to die for ones country." Owens delectation of diction, vivid language, and graphic imagery emphasizes his point. The poem describes the bore, blindness, evil, obscenity, remainder, sufferings, and disgust of fight. It shows the true life of a soldier, lying low, ill, endlessly trudging through mud with bloody feet, away from and into the incommode of gas poisoning of comrades, and away from the injured and dead, but never away from the memories. It ends with a sour attack on those who see glory in the death of others. The only beauty in this poem is an idea that rest will come. Unfortunately, it is pointed out that the only rest is an ridiculous death for those who sleep, sleep restlessly. The ugliness of state of war is described as low "like old beggars under sacks", diseased "coughing like hags", "blood-shod. All went lame, all blind", exhausting "drunk with moil&quo t, pointless "floundring . . . Dim . . As under a green sea . . . drowning", careless of living or dead "flung" aside, evil "like a devils sick of sin", disgusting like "eyes writhing . . . blood gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. . . vile, incurable sores", " acidulous as the cud", and merciless "on innocent tongues." The comparisons of lines 1, 14, 20, and 23 through 24, describe the soldier as someone the reader can see and war as the disease Owen wants the inexperienced to understand. 1 Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, 14 As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. 20 His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin This places the reader in the soldiers placedrowning, stumbling, and fumbling--and shows the lack of glory in war. These lines tell the reader what a man becomes one time he has been to warless than an admirable human, drowned in evil deeds, and emotionless. Lines 23 and 24 give war a character. 23 Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud 24 Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,-- They create a tangible entity for the reader. They show the truth of the creature of warcancerous, bitter, incurableand its eternal, demeaning effect on the innocent. Owen examples plural pronouns and the past tense to describe what cannot be undone. He uses "we" and "our" to include the reader as part of the ill-equipped troopsas tired marchers and witnesses to death and pain.War? essays research papers Owens poem serves to uncover the lie that "it is sweet and becoming to die for ones country." Owens use of diction, vivid language, and graphic imagery emphasizes his point. The poem describes the fatigue, blindness, evil, obscenity, death, sufferings, and disgust of war. It shows the true life of a soldier, lying low, ill, endlessly trudging through mud with bloody feet, away from and into the pain of gas poisoning of comrades, and away from the injured and dead, but never away from the memories. It ends with a bitter attack on those who see glory in the death of others. The only beauty in this poem is an idea that rest will come. Unfortunately, it is pointed out that the only rest is an undignified death for those who sleep, sleep restlessly. The ugliness of war is described as low "like old beggars under sacks", diseased "coughing like hags", "blood-shod. All went lame, all blind", exhausting "drunk with fatigue", pointless "floundring . . . Dim . . As under a green sea . . . drowning", careless of living or dead "flung" aside, evil "like a devils sick of sin", disgusting like "eyes writhing . . . blood gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. . . vile, incurable sores", "bitter as the cud", and merciless "on innocent tongues." The comparisons of lines 1, 14, 20, and 23 through 24, describe the soldier as someone the reader can see and war as the disease Owen wants the inexp erienced to understand. 1 Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, 14 As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. 20 His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin This places the reader in the soldiers placedrowning, stumbling, and fumbling--and shows the lack of glory in war. These lines tell the reader what a man becomes one time he has been to warless than an admirable human, drowned in evil deeds, and emotionless. Lines 23 and 24 give war a character. 23 Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud 24 Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,-- They create a tangible entity for the reader. They show the truth of the creature of warcancerous, bitter, incurableand its eternal, undignified effect on the innocent. Owen uses plural pronouns and the past tense to describe what cannot be undone. He uses "we" and "our" to include the reader as part of the ill-equipped troopsas tired marchers and witnesses to death and pain.

The Challenges of Tent Camping :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Challenges of Tent Camping          Each year, thousands of people through push through the united States choose to spend their vacations camping site in the great outdoors. Depending on an individuals sense of adventure, there are various types of camping to choose from, including log cabin camping, volunteer(a) vehicle camping, and tent camping.  Of these, tent camping involves roughing it the most, and with proper planning the experience can be gratifying.  However, even with the best planning, tent camping can be an extremely frustrating experience due to uncontrolled factors such as bad weather, wildlife encounters, and equipment failures.        Nothing can dampen the excited anticipation of camping more(prenominal) than a dark, rainy day.  Even the most adventurous campers can lose some of their enthusiasm on the drive to the campsite if the skies are dreary and damp.  by and by reaching their destinatio n, campers must then set up camp in the fine-tunepour.  This includes keeping the inside of the tent dry and free from mud, getting the sleeping bags hardened dryly, and protecting food from the downpour.  If the sleeping bags happen to get wet, the cold also becomes a major factor.  A sleeping bag usually provides warmth on a camping trip  a wet sleeping bag provides none.  Combining wind with rain can cause frigid temperatures, causing either outside activities to be delayed.  Even inside the tent problems may arise due to heavy winds.  More than a few campers have had their tents blown down because of the wind, which once again begins the frustrating task of setting up camp in the downpour.  It is wise to check the weather forecast before embarking on camping trips however, mother nature is often unpredictable and there is no guarantee bad weather will be eluded.         Another problem likely to be faced during a campi ng trip is run-ins with wildlife, which can range from mildly annoying to dangerous.  Minor inconveniences include mosquitos and ants.  The swarming of mosquitos can literally drive annoyed campers indoors.  If an effective repellant is not used, the camper can spend an interminable night scratching, which will only worsen the itch.  Ants do not usually attack campers, nevertheless keeping them out of the food can be quite an inconvenience.  Extreme care must be taken not to leave food out before or after meals.  If food is stored inside the tent, the tent must never be left open.

Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Essay example -- Machiavelli The Pr

Niccolo Machiavelli was a political philosopher from Florence Italy. He lived during the Italian Renaissance from May 1469 to 1527. This stoppage in time that Machiavelli lived was the rebirth of art in Italy and rediscovery of ancient philosophy, literature and science. Machiavellis philosophy about the nature of man is that man possesses both approximate and bad qualities, but will lean towards his own self-interests when all things argon equal thus man is a fickle creature. Machiavellis view of gay nature influences his view of government.Machiavelli writes, that man has qualities that will bring him either praise or blame and because a prince is a man therefore, he will also exhibit these qualities. A prince should put his good qualities on public display and be clever enough to hid e his immoral failings from his subjects but, if these vices are necessary to fight down his state, he should embrace them because this appearance of a strong state by his subjects gives them a false sense of security.He states in paragraph fourteen that since they (men) are a sad lot, and keep no faith with you, you in turn are under no obligation to keep it with them. Machiavelli believes that men will lie, cheat, or steal if it has some benefit to them, and while a prince shows the...

Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Essay example -- Machiavelli The Pr

Niccolo Machiavelli was a political philosopher from Florence Italy. He lived during the Italian Renaissance from May 1469 to 1527. This period in time that Machiavelli lived was the rebirth of art in Italy and rediscovery of ancient philosophy, literature and science. Machiavellis philosophy about the reputation of man is that man possesses both good and unhealthful qualities, but will lean towards his own self-interests when all things are equal thus man is a fickle creature. Machiavellis view of human nature influences his view of government.Machiavelli writes, that man has qualities that will bring him either praise or blame and because a prince is a man therefore, he will also endanger these qualities. A prince should put his good qualities on public display and be clever enough to hide his immoral failings from his subjects but, if these vices are necessary to maintain his state, he should embrace them because this appearance of a strong state by his subjects gives them a false sense of security.He states in paragraph fourteen that since they (men) are a sad lot, and keep no faith with you, you in turn are under no obligation to keep it with them. Machiavelli believes that men will lie, cheat, or mistake if it has some benefit to them, and while a prince shows the...

Religion, Morality, and the Good Life

Religion, Morality, and the Good Life Does honourableity depend on religion? many a(prenominal) believe the fundamental aspects of cleanity and religion amount to form the basis on how one chooses to live their life. Some would define morality as a system we humans use to distinguish betwixt what is right and what is molest. Morality could derive from a number of different factors including, religion, culture, and upbringing. Those that believe that morality derives from religion or beau ideals commands trust in the augur master Theory.The Divine look at Theory is the idea that morality is dependent on idol that ones moral obligation be inflexible by their obedience to Gods commands. This theory has been and probably will continue to be controversial to many. Morality must have a purely secular foundation. Although religion might not be the concrete basis for morality, it is certain that religion is needed sometime when dealing with specific aspects of morality. thither be 2 types of morality, dependableified and unjustified. Justified morality is common sense and does not require intense interpretation.For example, Do not steal is a justified moral command because when one steals they are bringing evil to someone and that is immoral. Unjustified morals are much harder to find reason for than justified morals which merchant ship be easily justified by common knowledge. Do not have sex before marriage, is an example of an unjustified morality. It is difficult to explain wherefore doing the act is immoral. This moral standard is irrational in that there is no reasonable answer why one should not do this act in order to remain moral.Religion comes in handy when dealing with grey areas of morality. Those grey areas are kn pass along birth as the unjustified moral commands or unjustified morality. inclined the example for an unjustified moral command, one could answer the question Why should I not do this in order to remain moral, by motto it i s immoral to have sex before marriage because God commanded us not to because he will punish one who does not follow his commandments. There is no central harm because if this action but ones self-interest or fear of Gods wrath will grasp one from committing this immoral act.The use of God and religion to justify these upshots is only(prenominal) useful when dealing with a God-fearing and moral person. Although using religion with morality, in this case, may cause one to agree that morality needs religion and that the Divine Command Theory explains why, it does not justify that religion is the basis for morality. be right and wrong actions commanded by God? The Divine Command Theory states that good and bad are created by God, not by humans. It has been illustrated that the Divine Command Theory standnot be logically true.The Divine Command Theory states that if God commands A, his commands by itself are sufficient to make A good. A is good just means A is commanded by God. Go ds commands are good simply because God commands it. If there were no God, or if God did not issue any commands, then there would be no such thing as moral right or wrong. However, if actions are good on their own without influence from God, then the Divine Command Theory is false because it is naturally commanded that we do things which are good and avoid those in which we know to be wrong.Ones belief in the existence of a god or gods may cause one to believe that morality move intos Gods existence. Their beliefs seem to give their lives take aim and clear understanding. In Genesis 127 it says, So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them male and female he created them. (NIV) According to Christianity, God created us in his likeness as to fulfill the plan or purpose that he had intend for us. With this idea, the Catholic Church developed the concept of natural law.This natural law concept stated that by working out what ones purpose is, we will b e able to see how we should act and/or behave it would be apparent in the way in which we have been designed. Within the Catholic Church, the Popes condemnation of homo cozyity is an example of the natural law theory at work. The natural result to sex is conception, and any other sexual act that is not available to this possibility would be an immoral rejection to the plan God had intended for them. It is obvious that this natural law approach to ethics can cause controversy.It might be perceived as a poor imitation of morality in that it fails to provide justification for many basic moral principles. The supposed link mingled with God and morality provides the idea because God is omnipotent and our creator we have an obligation to obey his commands. With him being our creator, we owe him our existence. Many ask the obvious question, Why do we have this obligation? Although this view has not stood up to reflection, masses once believed that children owed the act of obedience to t heir parents only because children depended on their parents. This view is remarkably similar to the reasoning given for feudalism.In feudalism, in exchange for the protection of the lord, the vassal would give some sort of service to the lord. The obligation between the lord and the vassal regarding the fief or land forms the basis of the feudal relationship. The weakness in this political system was that the vassals never agreed to this plan. By reply the above question in saying that our obligation to obey Gods command is because obedience is morally right, the assumption has been made that morality exists one by one of God. Why things are right in the first place is justified and explained by the Divine Command Theory.The Divine Command Theory shows an apparent semblance to the natural law approach as discussed just before. Rather than focusing on features of his assumed creation as with the natural law theory, the Divine Command Theory implicates a focus on Gods orders. An o bvious example of Gods orders would be the Ten Commandments. The most common expostulation to this approach is that it makes morality seem somewhat subjective. It implies the theoretical likelihood of rape being right simply because God commands this. Some may say that God would never command such an act as rape. God has not, in fact, commanded that rape is good.Assuming that the Divine Command Theory is, in fact, true, it would see Gods goodness in that he will not do anything wrong. But it does not follow that he wont be unjust or cruel. As long as he is not violating any of his commands, no matter what God does, he will not be doing anything wrong. God is omniscient and morally perfect. Surely this gives us exact reason to why we ought to obey his commands. Gods moral perfection, after all, guarantees that he will issue only those commands that he thinks are right. His overall insight and expertise assures that he will never be wrong in what he believes is right to command of us .It sees God as the highest possible moral guide, giving us reason to always obey his commands. Although this is correct, it does not support the Divine Command Theory. To argue this point is to assume that the greater moral quality is dependent of Gods will, in which the basis for what he commands is. Some thinkers like Immanuel Kant and John Newman, just to name a few, have argued that a sense of conscience is evidence of God. With morality and religion being nonsymbiotic of one another, the independence is considered to be compatible with the existence of God.If we deliver that the existence of conscience assumes a being to whom we owe responsibility, God would seem like the only candidate. He is the only person with omnipotent power to see and judge our every action. Newman furthered this thought by asking why people would feel guilty if they did not think they were being watched. In conclusion, there is something wrong with every way of linking morality to religion. I am not claiming that religion cannot have things to say about morality or that it is incapable of helping people do what is morally right.Instead, my claim is that ethics is enhanced with a religiously neutral foundation. Religion can be defined a set of practices self-directed of a belief system. Religion is the way in which you worship. Some people have participated in religious worship for a while without giving a great deal of thought to a belief system. Morality can be based on religion, but it also can be independent of ones religion or faith. Although it is possible to hold a religion and not hold to any strong moral principles and vice versa for retentiveness just moral principles, many people hold religious and moral principles.As with Christianity, religion is doing what you are told to do regardless of what is right, and morality is doing what is right regardless of what you are told to do. Although morality and religion are used at times to justify one another, they are not d ependent of one another. . Works Cited Genesis 1 NIV The Beginning In the beginning God Bible Bible Gateway. Web. 15 Apr. 2013 . The Internet Classics Archive Euthyphro by Plato. The Euthyphro. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013

Why alcohol should not be legal?

why inebriantic drink should not be legal 1 Why alcohol should not be legal Delono Walker Devry University April 10, 2011 Why alcohol should not be 2 In the 1920s during world war one, the churches mostly Protestants began to lobby against the sales of alcohol in order to torpid crime and domestic abuse. Furthermore many saloons or bars were selling German products. On January 16, 1919 the lobbyist won and under the Eighteenth Amendment prohibition was created and make legal. unfortunately it didnt last long since bootleggers were now creating their own spirits.The bootleggers were becoming wealthy by selling illegal spirits and the States were becoming more, and more unable to guard them. Crime rates were rising to new heights as the bootleggers formed mobs and syndicates gaining control of the streets. In the year 1933 prohibition was repealed, congress felt that it would weaken nonionic crime as well as be used to generate moneys through taxation. In my opinion this shows th at mickle became desperate during the Great Depression for Alcohol. honorable the likes of marijuana, coke, and heroin the government made a drug illegal and people found a way to obtain it.In my opinion our society feels that in that location is a need for it and they are right. Alcohol is a drug that stimulates economic growth and development, but not with out consequences. People have different reasons for abusing alcohol. intoxication Alcohol has many consequences. I have person in ally seen the effects of alcohol abuse. Alcohol should be illegal, because it is a drug that nates ruin many lives, mess cause psychogenic illness, and causes crime rates to increase like other drugs. People have different reasons for abusing alcohol.Many people drink socially, enchantment others splurge drink. A person might want to take the edge off by drink a few beers. Alcohol has become a household drug. It is served at parties and at dinners. The majority of people drink in order to en joy themselves, however many people drink for the wrong reasons, such as drinking to forget your problems which results in abuse. Drinking alcohol has many consequences. Alcohol also leads to physical ailments such as hypertension. If a drinker continues a pattern of binge drinking he/she might become a victim of heart disease.Alcohol also causes jaundice, which is caused by cirrhosis of the liver, as well as cause kidney damage. It git cause families to break apart. It can cause people to lose their jobs and homes. Alcohol increases chances for communicable disease. There are many people in prison, because of choices made while drinking. According to Crime in Americas statistics drugs and alcohol implicated in 78 percent of violent crimes(Crime in America, 2010 ). Alcohol should be illegal, because it is a drug that can ruin many lives. Thousands of people have lost love ones due hospitalization and car wrecks. According to NHTSA, 35 percent of all traffic deaths occurred in crash es in which at least one driver or non occupant had a BAC of 0. 08 percent or more and that any alcohol was present in 41 percent of all fatal crashes in 2002. (Hingson & Micheal, 2003 Hanson) Sadly its not always the user that is harmed many accidents involve pedestrians, or passengers. Furthermore drinking has long term effects, it can kill someone quickly, or slowly. In 2006 a total of 22,073 persons died of alcohol-induced causes in the United States (Annual causes of death in the United States, 2011 para 6) Alcohol can increase the chances of mental illness.People who suffer from anxiety or depression tend to self medicate. The user only feels a deeper feeling ofanxiety or depression, so they drink more only building a tolerance. This is known as the Vicious Circle. Moderate doses of alcohol, nicotine, or caffeine can induce psychotic symptoms in a person with schizophrenia, and small amounts of marijuana, cocaine, or other drugs can precipitate prolonged psychotic relapses. ( Drake, 1994 para 2) People with mental illness are more vulnerable to the affects of alcohol.This is the concept behind the idea of Dual Disorder a patient has two defined diseases. Normal people have been noted to gain mental issues from drug abuse, while people with mental problems gain drugs abuse. Many people that abuse alcohol are abandoned to have relationship issues. Problems controlling finances, and working their job. These contribute to an individuals need to medicate. Considering that alcohol is a depressant, in individuals that suffer from depression spirits can lead to suicide. An estimated pentad million of the 32 million people 65 and older suffer from depression. Russel, 2007 para 2) The chances of suicide due to drinking increases with age, because of the responsibilities that come with age. Alcohol seems to be a tool for people to evacuate the everyday life. Alcohol increases crime rates exactly like other drugs. There are however casual drinkers that just have a drink on occasion. The regular social drinkers that dont abuse alcohol and treat it as a privilege, should they be penalize for what others have, and are doing? Honestly I dont feel as though they should. Alcohol generates money for our Government by State Tax.So why not make other drugs legal? Our Government will then be able to generate money by taxing Marijuana. Its the same as what was happening during the prohibition prohibited drugs are still being used without regulation and criminals are making money from it. Drug related crime on our streets can possibly be slowed by making certain drugs legal certain dealers would no longer be able to supply if people got those drugs from a local store or pharmacy. That is why crime is lower in places like Northern California, were marijuana has been made legal in some parts.As I stated prior it seems that people are going out of their way to obtain the drug that suits them and thats why alcohol is a drug like the rest. I have personall y seen the effects of alcohol abuse. While being a member of the Armed Forces, my associates, and I would often go to bars. While in that location we would go on all night binges and drink until the bar closed. One particular night we were out drinking and having a good time. One of my friends got on the whole intoxicated, although he was able to handle is liquor, so we didnt see how bad off he was. We drove home and left him the car to take with him.He made it four blocks before he called us. We found him hanging on the side of a fence and the car had crashed into the side of a facility. He needed medical examination attention, but he didnt want to go, because that meant discharge from the Service. So the guys and I called the local authorities and they picked him up. I wonder if he realizes that he couldve died that night. Why alcohol should not be legal 3 References Annual causes of death in the United States. (2011). Retrieved 04 02, 2011, from http//www. drugwarfacts. org/cm s/node/30 Crime in America. (2010 , march 3). Retrieved from Crime in America. Net

Factors Influencing Decisions to Study Overseas Essay

IntroductionPast few decades prep atomic number 18 witnessed massive in consort and placeflow of students in discover to incur entertainile higher didactics. International reproduction and the world(prenominal) mobility of students can be traced back to ancient times, as early as 600 BC in India (Chen, 2007). Since the of late 1990s the higher reproduction market is growing by 7 percent a year. (Kaul, 2006).The tr demise is non tho common in Hesperian humankind but Asian students also constitute a major proportion of international students in external universities. This Asian market continues to be a major one (Gatfield & Hyde, 2005). The existence of world class institutes in UK and USA make them well-nigh preferred name and addresss for students.The prominent education exporting countries (those which sell education to international student) implicate USA, UK, Canada and Australia small-arm the education importing countries (those which buy education from contr adictory universities) include East Asian Tigers, China, India and Pakistan. Due to increasing trend of foreign education, the competition amongst the education exporting countries is also becoming intense and thus they pursue smash marketing efforts in order to attract foreign students.Pakistans service sector has grown substantially in past decade and learns major human capital in order to sustain efficient offset. A skilled workforce is a key to successful operations of any business. The break offment of sectors want information technology, financial sector and the establishment of transnational corporations require improve personnel. Therefore an educated and highly skilled human capital is a prerequisite for a developing country like Pakistan to enable economical growth.In Pakistan, there are a handful of universities offering post-graduate programs. The disciplines offered are not much diverse and the numbers of seating are also limited. explore facilities for doctor al studies are also not as advanced as in world class institutes abroad. Beside these already established facts, my explore would revolve approximately the submit of ad hominem factors, the external push- thread factors and the influence of family, peers, sponsors and employers. (Chen, 2007)Literature ReviewThere corroborate been several studies conducted on this topic. The ones I have gone through plot of land doing literature review were carried out in India, China, Australia, Portugal, Canada, Malaysia, United Kingdom and South Africa.A research suggested that in order to attract international graduate students, localise should be concentrated on investing in research and ensuring the standards of education by the institutions, while efforts should be devoted to the internationalization of graduate education, as well as devising a national marketing strategy to portray a better image of their higher education institutions and programs. (Chen, 2007).This research suggested that pull factors of swarm institutions in borders of cost, pedantic excellence and Canadas good ad hominemity for cultural tolerance are more of import as compared to different personal factors. It further stated that the note of education was more eventful to students as compared to financial concerns. Internationalization of higher education connect activities are significant to impact the close of PhD students choice of foreign university whereas marketing activities directly influence students choice in taught degree programs. (Chen, 2007)A cogitation by World swan stated that foreign education is no different than trade. It is trade of a service where one countrys resident buys education from the country which is change it. This study made an in-depth analysis of the negative push factors associated with the crustal plate country. The demand for foreign education increases when there is excess demand for domestic education and seats are limited. Also, the chan ging business dynamics and work practices require a more qualified taskforce which make international degree more valuable. Countries like India have started a collaboration program with foreign institutes to so that their domestic education remains is improved. The study revealed that education trade has adverse impacts on domestic education system of home countries especially the developing ones.Nonetheless, this trade is bound to increase and diversify due to the growing demand for foreign qualifications and increasing competition among modify nations in the higher education market and also due to the entry of more higher education institutions from developing countries, which can compete on two price and quality. (Bashir, 2007) Greater economic benefits are achieved if natives have acquired higher education. Education export is a business for which the administrators strike to devise marketing strategies in order to stay at par with competitors. In this Malaysianstudy, inter national students have also been termed as guests as they are paying for the service. This study analysed 48 factors and their congener strengths which influenced the international students stopping points to select appropriate universities for their post graduate studies.This study identified 6 major factors which attracted foreign students, with quality of education and impact of influencers macrocosm the most important ones. Importance of for each(prenominal) one factor was determined using ANOVA and MANOVA. The research suggested that students from different regions had different preferences and needs and wants. However, all these students demanded a better customer focus as they were paying heavily. All international students evaluated factors like qualification of instructors, medium of communication, larn environment, socialization and location. Quality education, cost, and facilities are directly think to services provided by the HEIs (higher education institutes) ar e the key determinants of conclusiveness- fashioning function by the international students therefore these factors should be addressed by the HEIs (Padlee, Kamaruddin, & Baharun, 2010)A study carried out in UK revealed that the students have a desire to attend a world class institute which motivates them to go abroad. It was also revealed that US is the most popular destination for UK students. Students with good academic capabilities were mainly the ones who applied to foreign universities. The social class and parental educational mount also influenced the decision-making and the upper class and highly educated parents sisterren were most likely to go abroad. However it was analysed that family influence mattered least while decision-making. A few students opted to study in Australia because they were cheered in permanent emigration. It is predictable that the factor of a desire to attend a world class university will become more influential in forthcoming decades as there has been an exponential rise in globally emerging world class institutes. (Findlay & King, 2010)International post graduate students studying in Malaysia class-conscious the programs offered as the most important criteria while selecting a disjointicular university, followed by fees, facilities and academic staff performance. The paper stated that Malaysia is amongst the most preferred countries for educational purposes these days. The academic excellence of visiting andpermanent faculty is noted to be major influencer to attract students. International publications by the professors or university also impact the university reputation.Scholarships offered and environment build were least important factors. However it was observed that there lays a difference in priorities of students from West and Asia. A multi criteria decision making issues were evaluated using AHP technique. This technique graded the greatness of each factor. Marketing implications for Malaysian universities is that they should offer a wide range of programs along with scholarships and reasonable fee structure. (Dahari & Abduh, 2011)The benefits of acquiring foreign education are evident in form of a highly skilled and productive labour force. The experience of foreign culture adds to learning experience and a more diversified labour force is produced. Owing to these benefits, competition amongst the education exporters has become intense. A South African study found out that the pull factors associated with host country are more influential in decision making rather that the negative push factors associated with the home country. Students purse foreign education generally for career development and to experience a foreign culture. 14 factors were examined individually and the most influential factor was found to be seeking qualifications with worldwide cognizance through rank order analysis.Other major factors include limited course availability in home country, better employment pr ospect with a foreign degree, experiencing foreign culture and higher quality education abroad. The two least important factors were strict entry requirements criteria in domestic institutions and non-acceptance by domestic university for preferred course. There was not much variation in responses of students from different countries. As the competition amongst the education exporting countries is increasing, greater marketing efforts are involve by these countries in order to be a lucrative market for foreign student. Internet could prove to be a beneficial tool in terms of advertising. It must be ensured that the quality of education is excellent so that there is go bad border recognition of higher education institutes. (Mpinganjira, 2009)Today, higher education is a central factor in order to match pace with the rapidly advancing technological world. A study conducted in Australiainvestigated the choice patterns of Singaporean students. Australia is favoured for higher educati on by international students due to its congenericly lower cost of education and accommodation as compared to former(a) Western countries. This study explored the demographic profiles of students in detail through in-depth interviews and found out how the socio-economic background, cultural influence and psychological factors of student influence their decision making.The students wanted to have an independent musical accompaniment experience. The decision making process is a highly complex one which requires high involvement where social, personal and behavioural aspects come into play. Cultural, colonial, political and regional interest similarities between Australia and Singapore are favourable factors which allow for educational exchange between two countries. The natural physical endowments such as oceans, beaches and vast solid ground were also one of the attractions for international students to opt for Australia. The study concluded with a recommendation to Australian ins titutes to attract foreign students through advertising. (Gatfield & Hyde, 2005)An Indian research highlighted the need for higher educational institutes in their domestic market as there is a need for skilled labour force for their emerging industries. Not only there is a boom in industrial sector, but financial, medical, biotechnical and information technology sectors are also developing rapidly along with advent of multinational corporations. These sectors require human capital which is a product of quality higher education. That paper has termed international higher education as a business with students being its clients. It proposes that foreign campus of international universities should be established in India so that students who do not afford foreign education abroad may earn the fruits of this say venture between Indian public institutes and foreign universities. (Kaul, 2006)Decision making process is a multi step process influenced by various factors at each spot. A pap er by Pimpa primarily focuses on family, peers and agents influence on decision making of Thai students for foreign education. The family factor is further dissected into factors like finance, persuasion, competition and expectations while peers and agents mayinfluence through information and competition. The study also developed a relation between age and family influence, the older the students the lesser the influence of family on their decision. Thai students enrolled in Australian institutes were interpreted as sample through convenience sampling. The results depicted that finance factor of family influence had a major impact followed by information provided by agents and peers whereas competition amongst the family members and persuasion from family members were least important criteria. This study added the agents influence in detail to already brisk theories of external push and pull factors. (Pimpa, 2003)Apart from the role played by external push and pull factors, the imp act of personal psychographics and behavioural factors along with socio-economic background were studied by Boey, Smith and Cuthbert. Gender difference has often been sidelined in this area of research however this study also incorporated that how the relative richness of each factor vary with respect to gender difference making this research unique from all the previous works done. The demographic profiles of each responder were made to determine their social class and standing. The main importers of Australian education are Asian students. 50% of students belonged to single income families while other 50% belonged to parallel income families thus being capable to afford education in Australia.Fathers of respondents were more qualified than mothers but the influence of parents education aim was very minute. Results depicted that sons were move to UK or US for higher education while daughters were sent to Australia due to relative lesser cost of education than in US or UK. The reputation and academic standing of the institute were prime factors which influenced the survival of the fittest of university followed by campus environment, facilities and location. Also, females opted for foreign education as an opportunity to experience life abroad in independent manner. The results depicted that gender have different approaches and further research may be carried to highlight these differences. (Smit, Boey, & Cuthbert)A Portuguese study analysed the factors which led to going of graduates for doing scientific PhD from abroad. These factors included better employment opportunities after(prenominal) acquiring foreign degree, better researchfacilities abroad and lack of competitive scientific environment at home. The reputation of the institution, scientific motivations, such as the resource availability and the composition of the research were pull factors stated in sequence of their importance. (Delicado, 2010)Since the emergence of world as a global village , higher foreign education has become an essential part of the globalisation process. The demand for highly qualified professionals has lead to increased flow of students to international markets for acquiring foreign degrees. The prime objective of foreign education is self development but it eventually adds up to national interest. The most beneficial outcome of the international education is that students become well equipped with the required tools to understand the concept of social equity and justice with respect to international issues. The term internationalization has several meanings attached to it but with respect to education it could be referred to as the process of adopting a set of activities to make domestic education system well integrated with foreign education system in order to meet the challenges of globalisation.There could be four possible rationales for internationalization process that is to say political, social/cultural, economic and academic. Different s takeholders assign varying level of significance to these rationales. The differences in interest of various stakeholders usually give rise to conflicts which may deflect the internationalization process. The internationalization of education could be done though elements such as joint research projects, international conferences and seminars, visiting faculty, distant learning, international students, cross cultural training, intercultural campus events, student exchange programs and foreign language education and so forth (Qiang, 2003)Globalisation and internationalization are two phenomena which are distinct in temperament but are inter-related. In past decades there has been a phenomenal shift to service based industries which has resulted into creation of a k like a shotledge society. expert personnel are thus required in knowledge based industries in modern times. These elements constitute the process of globalisation. Internationalization too is a part of globalisation whe re academic institutions indulge in activities such as student exchangeprograms, designing international standard curriculum, foreign language programs and branch campuses etc. The main education selling countries are UK and US and earn handsome profits through international students from Asian and Latin American countries.Some institutions from UK and US have opened up branch campuses in Qatar, Singapore and Spain along with some other countries which facilitate pro mess of international standard education in middle income countries. The factors which hinder the international student mobility include terrorism acts, cultural intolerance, greater cost of foreign education, government regulations, language barriers, government regulations and policies, distant learning programs and the emergence of private sector educational institutes. Provision of international education should not be aimed at earning profits rather it should have a vision to benefit public on a mass scale. (Altbac h & Knight, 2007)Chinese students compose the major chunk of world pie of international students and Australia is one of the biggest known for education export. It is a preferred destination for Chinese students because of security and friendly environment for foreigners. In the earlier times, Chinese government used to fund foreign studies of its students however now the Chinese familys major expense second to food is their childs education expense. Chinese push factors include inadequate number of institutions in domestic market, increasing trend of foreign education in society, increased ability for self funded foreign education due to rapid economic growth and the need for highly skilled labour. Parents are more aware of the potential benefits of foreign degree thus are willing to invest in their childs future.While selecting the host country, Chinese students consider factors like the reputation of host country, the recognition of the institute, cost of living and tuition fee, the influence of family, friends and peers, the proximity of host country to Mainland China and the host countries laws and regulations. Chinese students surprisingly do not have an urge to live in West and experience their lifestyle and culture. investigate proved that Australia was preferred over US, UK and Canada. The most important factor which influences their decision to study abroad is the better quality of education abroad as compared to that in their home country. Australiaattracts students because of its appealing immigration policy, lower crime rate, English-speaking country, cultural tolerance, lower cost of tuition and living and quick visa application processing. (Yang, 2007) stab factors are associated with the social and economic factors of the home country which propel the students to pursue foreign education. The pick of the host country is relied on pull factors which attract foreign students. In developing countries of Asia and Africa there are not enough oppor tunities in domestic market to acquire higher education therefore students direct themselves to foreign journey. The historical and colonial link of the host and home countries is one of the major factors which influence the decision of students in terms of selection of host country. Other factors include the language similarity, geographical proximity to home country and the technological advancement of the host country. The push factors of home country include the economic stability, its contribution to world economy, emphasis on education importance by the government and access to higher education at home.The pull feign stated that the attraction to a particular country is influenced by the kind of economic and political ties which persist between the home and host country. The common model states the first step is to watch whether to study abroad or in home country, second is the choice of host country and the last decision is to select the host institution. Through each stage of the process, several independent factors influence the decision which includes the immigration intentions, barriers to entry in domestic institutes, limited courses offered at home, to experience foreign culture and better quality of education abroad. Major concerns are cost of living, travelling, tuition fees and career prospects. (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002)Research Questions and ObjectivesThe central research question isWhat are the major factors which influence Pakistani students decisions to pursue post graduate studies in a foreign country?While attempting to address the central question, this study also incorporates following questions1. What are the characteristics of Pakistani students who acquired foreign degrees? 2. Why did studentsprefer to study abroad?3. How has their socioeconomic background and family setup influenced their decision?The basic purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that influence the decision to study abroad. It would explore the extent to which various factors influence the decision to study abroad and how different students preferences vary based on personal factors and their socioeconomic backgrounds. Finally this study would provide implications for Pakistani universities as to how they could improve their education system in order to attract native students. It would also be beneficial for education exporting countries as they could formulate their marketing strategies based on the findings of this paper..Theoretical FrameworkIts a three staged process where students first decide whether to go abroad for higher education or to study at a local institute. Once they have chosen to study abroad, they select a host country. This second stage is a critical decision to make where students have to weigh the lordlys and negatives of various options available. The last stage is the selection of the institute. This three staged process is commonly adapted by every student who considers studying abroad but sometimes studen ts skip the second stage, the selection of host country, and finally pick up the institution for them. E.g. getting enrolled at Ivy League or Oxford is the aim of some students so they do not consider applying to any other country thereby skipping the second stage.The first stage is to take the decision whether to study in Pakistan or abroad. At this stage, personal motivation factors to study abroad and the influence of family and peers along with the external push and pull factors influence the decision. Once the student has decided to go abroad, the second stage comes into play which is selection of destination. Several factors come into consideration while selecting the host country. Major factors are proximity to home country, cultural similarity, language and ease of visa process. After the selection of host country, third stage is selection of host institution. While selecting the university, factors suchas programs offered, facilities, fee structure, international reputation and academic quality are evaluated. Throughout the three ages, following independent variables influence the students decisions.* Personal characteristics & motivationPersonal characteristics include socioeconomic background, preferences, academic ability, social capital, and creative capital. (Chen, 2007)* international push & pull factors(Internationalization & Globalisation Prospects of better employment, esteemed foreign degrees, opportunity to experience foreign culture, desired education not available, home country lacks research facilities, limited career prospects at home, financial support from home government or agency). include positive and negative forces from the home and host countries, personal tearaway(a) forces due to external influences, and institutional characteristics. (Chen, 2007) * Friends and Family influence. It includes encouragement from family / spouse, relatives, professors, sponsors, or employers. (Chen, 2007) The dependant variable is the decision to go abroad for post graduate studies.By the end of the search stage for institutions, students will derive a choice set of institutions from which to make applications. The final stage of the take choice is to select one school from the set of offers of admission. Students will make trade-offs among the factors considered in the search stage, and reach a final choice. Literature review covered factors like characteristics of graduate international students as well as studies on college choice factors, such as location characteristics, economics of international graduate education, visa, and education / immigration / mobility. The push pull model was also reviewed to understand the strengths of and relationships among various factors that influence the choice of a country, institution, program, and city.A push pull model was originally used in the theory of migration (E. S. Lee, 1966) to pardon the factors influencing the movement of people. The model has been used to understa nd the international students choice of a country (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). The push factors are the factors associatedwith the home country. Some push factors are positive and some are negative in nature, while pull factors are in general positive to attract international students to the destination. In essence, the decision, motivations, and flow of international students are a function of the combined pull factors and push factors as influenced by intervening obstacles. The push factors had strength in the initial reasons for studying abroad, while the pull factors dominated the choices, especially the appeal of program availability.HypothesesHo Family and Friends influence does not impact the decision to go abroad for post graduation. HA Family and Friends influence does impact the decision to go abroad for post graduation. Ho Personal motivation does not influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. HA Personal motivation does influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. Ho External push and pull factors do not influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation. HA External factors push and pull factors do influence the decision to go abroad for post graduation.MethodologyThe methodology that has been adopted is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research to analyse the factors which are most influential during the process. Quantitative data from a survey questionnaire have been collected to determine the relative strength of each factor influencing the decision to purse foreign education. The impact of push and pull factors, personal motivation, family and peers influence and their relative importance in taking the final decision have been studied using regression and cross tabulations. The survey questionnaire used for this research purpose is taken from a study of English Alumni, administered by the University of Dundee (Professor Findlay) and University of Sussex (Professor King) in UK in 2010. The used for ana lysis is collected using survey questionnaires sent to international graduates who have returned to Pakistan after acquiring post graduate degrees from abroad or are currently enrolled in foreign universities.The survey comprised a structured, detailed and comprehensive questionnaire examining various factors related to international study. Targeted sample size was minimum 50 surveys to be obtained from the international postgraduate Pakistani students however only45 were returned. Judgemental sampling was done. Diversity in age, gender and socio economic background were considered while selecting respondents. It was preferred to have a balance between male and female respondents. The data collected has been used to develop a framework which best describes the decision making process of Pakistani students when they decide to pursue foreign education.InstrumentationThe questionnaire was designed and piloted in such a way as to ensure that maximum relevant information could be collect ed with minimal imposition on respondents. It takes 10 minutes to complete on average, with a range between 5 and 15 minutes. The questionnaire was designed to provide useful data to answer, or at least shed light on, the research aims. The questionnaire mainly involves closed questions, simple to tick or write a one-word response, with a few spaces for elaborations where it is thought necessary or useful. First three questions are basics about age, gender and the course of study that was completed abroad. Next question asks about the discipline that was chosen for study abroad. This question would help me catch the preferred courses which students pursue abroad. This would also help me explore that the decision to study abroad might was taken because that particular courses were not offered here in Pakistan.The question about financing of study program would help profile the students, which would in turn help me to analyse how financing issue impacted students choices to study abr oad. The next question about guidance from school staff is related to the independent variable of the impact of significant others. This would help me analyse the importance and impact of information from school about opportunity to study abroad and whether this facilitated the decision to study abroad or it had no impact. The objective of the question which asks to credit rating preferred Pakistani universities is to identify the top preferred post-grad institutes where these students had considered to study in home country. The following question would explore that what was the impact of rejection or acceptance by domestic institutes on students decision to go abroad. Next question would help determine that whether the restrictions on number of places to study the preferred discipline in Pakistani universities a factor in encouraging students to consider studying abroad.Under the head of impact of significant others there are questionsabout the contact with acquaintances who were already present at the foreign university. Following is the question about whether there was any information given about scholarships/bursaries by the schools and was that important for those students in making a decision about foreign education. The next question is about the next two independent variables, students characteristics & motivation and external push and pull factors of home and host country. There are seven factors which are being analysed and have been assigned a scale ranging from very important to slightly important to not important and finally not applicable. It includes factors like family pressure to study abroad, personal motivation to attend a world class university, desire for a better career, limited courses available in Pakistan, opportunity to experience foreign culture, increasing trend of acquiring foreign degrees and finally the institutions ranking.The responses by respondents would help me identify how important was each of the stated factors. The ne xt question is open ended which ask students to mention the key factors which influenced their choice of one country over other and the factors which led to selection of a particular institute. This would help me identify the pull factors which attract students to foreign universities. Next question is about the qualification level of the respondents parents. The level of education which they have might influence the decision of students for foreign post grad study.Last question is about the hindrances or the factors which might have concern students about studying outside Pakistan. Again the degree of importance ranges from very important to not important. The purpose of these factors is to analyse how each factor affected their decision process. These factors include problem with the foreign language, difficult to leave parental family or spouse/partner, cultural shock, financial constraints to bear expenses and concerns about obtaining visa.

Bleeding Kansas Essay

Before the Civil War, the filth of Kansas was unsettled as a slave state or a step down state. This caused a conflict over who should settle this territory, right before the Civil War. This conflict was also called Bleeding Kansas. Later on, popular sovereignty, played a see role before the Civil War. The Kansas Territory became the center of attention in the battle between North and South over expanding slavery into the territories. Those southerners who voted for the Kansas-Nebraska Act (splitting the territory into two areas) assumed that Kansas would enter the union as a slave state.The Republican Party, however, wanted to repeal the Kansas-Nebraska Act and restore the provision in the bit Compromise that prohibited slavery in Kansas. Northern abolitionists began to work under the rules established by Senator Douglas, popular sovereignty, in order to get Kansas admitted as a free state. Both sides of the slavery question sent settlers into the territory of Kansas, in hopes of outnumbering the other side, and electing a territorial legislature and a future state organic law that would either outlaw, or permit slavery.So called border ruffians raided into Kansas creating violence on both sides of the issue. The most famous was John Brown, a noted abolitionist who felt he was called by God to free the slaves in the South and West. In 1856, a group of border ruffians raided Lawrence, Kansas, an anti-slavery town, burning the buildings and killing one citizen. Five geezerhood later, John Brown and his sons and followers raided a settlement along Pottawatomie Creek and ordered five proslavery Kansans executed with a farmers scythe.The fighting that keep in Kansas became known as Bleeding Kansas and was a sign of the Civil War to come. The popular sovereignty stirred up sectional tensions because it overturned the minute Compromise of 1820, which stated that slavery would not expand into any western territory north of Missouris southern border. This made antislavery northerners fantastic because they wished to give the sack the spread of slavery in the west, and they felt popular sovereignty was just another tool of the slave power. Their resistance in turn made southerners angry since hey wanted the spread of slavery and felt the Kansas-Nebraska Act had been lawfully passed, therefore northerners couldnt resist it. The act also led to exacerbated sectional tensions between the mint of Kansas and Nebraska for both northerners and southerners moved there to influence the vote and this resulted in riots. These riots further caused discord among antislavery Northerners and proslavery Southerners, who thought Kansas and Nebraska, should be anti or pro slavery, respectively. on the whole these events stirred up and were some of the key cause of the Civil War over slavery.

Corporate Strategy †Zara Essay

The core concept of Zaras business model is they sell medium quality fashion array at affordable prices, and vertical integration and quick- solution is key to Zaras business model. Through the entire process of Zaras business system formulateing, sourcing and manufacturing, distribution and retailing, they presented foursome important success factors short cycle judgment of conviction, small batches per product, extensive variety of product every assuage and heavy investment in information and communication technology. These four elements are involved in every aspect of the business.Zaras Business Model Zaras business model can be broken humble into three basic components concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zaras fundamental concept is to maintain design, production, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. Jose Maria Castellano, chief operating officer of Inditex stated that the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by node demand. We need to confine consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply cant move fast enough.This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zaras operations. Capabilities of Zara, or the required resources needed to exploit the opportunities and execute this conceptual strategy, are numerous for Zara. Zara maintains tight control oer their production processes retentivity design and manufacturing in-house or with some strategic partnerships located nearby Headquarters. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its production processes in Europe, 50% in Spain which is very close to La Coruna home base.They give way strategic agreements with local manufacturers that ensure timely delivery and service. Through these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this proximity of manufacturing and operational processes, Zara maintains the flexibility necessary to design and produce over 1 two hundred0 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand. Competitive Advantage Fundamental to Zaras success is their commitment to rapid response in customer trends in fashion, producing clothing often and with short life spans (10 wears).Their commitment to this goal and the capabilities that they have developed to achieve it, have provided significant competitive avail to Zara oddly in the areas of product development, strategic partnerships and cost of production, advertising and securities industrying, and information technology infrastructure. The efficiencies and processes developed in these four functions differ significantly from their competitors and stand out in providing additional value and profitability to Zara. Product DevelopmentZaras unique approach to product development is instrumental to their success. Zara gives store managers significant autonomy in twain determining the products to d isplay in their stores and which to place on trade, and relaying market research and store trends back to their headquarters in La Coruna. At headquarters in that location are teams of commercials who take this information into account to design and effectively plan and produce all of Zaras products. Zara maintains a design team of 200 people, all of which produce approximately 12,000 new styles per year for Zara.The process of obtaining market information and relaying it to design and production teams expedites product development by shortening the throughput time of a product to 3-4 weeks from design to distribution. This process is very different from its competitors. Many competitors rely on a small elite design team that plans both design and production needs well in advance. Stores have little autonomy in deciding which products to display or put on sale because Headquarters plans accordingly and ships quantities as forecasted. Zaras speed to market in product development ex ceeds the capabilities of its competitors.This in itself provides additional value to stakeholders, customers, and stores in producing quality clothing at affordable prices . Zaras product development capabilities are essential to Zaras business strategy and future success. Strategic Partnerships and Cost of Production In comparison to competitors, Zaras business strategy, in regards to strategic partnerships and cost of production, provide for a strategic competitive advantage. Zara, unlike its competitors such as Gap, Benetton, and H&M, does not use Asian outsourcing.Eighty percent of Zaras materials are manufactured in Europe, with 50% made in Zara controlled facilities in the Galicia region of Spain near headquarters. roughly of Zaras competitors have 100% outsourcing to cheap Asian countries. Though the cost of production in Spain is 17-20% more expensive than Asia, Zara does have a competitive advantage over its competitors in regards to operations. The local strategic partne rships that Zara maintains with manufacturers in Europe allow for a product throughput time of 3-4 weeks from conception to distribution.To make this happen, the company designs and cuts its fabric in-house and it acquires fabrics in only four colours to keep costs low. The proximity of these suppliers gives Zara great flexibility in adapting their product lines based on up to date market trends and consumer behaviour. It also decreases costs of holding inventory. Zaras competitors, through outsourcing to Asian countries such as China, sacrifice the benefits of proximity for low labour and production costs.Though there is a cost advantage in their approach in regards to labour, the lack of flexibility in changing orders based on current trends hinders their operational efficiencies. armoury costs are higher for competitors because orders are placed for a whole season well in advance and then held in distribution facilities until day-to-day shipment to stores. This proximity effect and the flexibility that it gives Zara is fundamental to their basic concept to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demand and has provided them with a competitive edge in comparison to their peers.The striking thing is that Zara has found differences that matter to customers and differentiated itself from its competitors by performing key activities in its supply chain differently. It is this that sets challenges for competitors because they will not find it easy to feign or equal Zaras positioning and it is this achievement that has given Zara sustainable competitive differentiation and positioning. Through a clear focus and vision, Zara has tapped into the power of fashion. It has trimmed conventional supply chain response from 5-7 month down to 2-2? onths and their customers are eagerly awaiting next weekstake note, not next seasons new fashion Zara maintains a strong relationship with their contractors and suppliersviewing them as part of the company. Small and frequent sh ipments keep product inventories fresh and rarecompelling customers to frequent the store in search of whats new and to buy now because it will be gone tomorrow. To successfully react to consumers demands, design decisions are delayed as long as possible.In todays competitive environment, Zara has shown that fine tuning the supply chain is no lasting a strategic tool, but a necessity. It has shown that supply chain management can be managed provide sustainable competitive differentiation and positioning on the one hand and increase throughput, reduce inventories and operating expenses on the other. Decision-making is encouraged and bad decisions are not severely punished. Designers are trained to limit the numerate of reviews and changes, speeding up the development process and minimizing the number of samples made.

Occupational Therapy In The Uk Health And Social Care Essay

This treatment of wellness demands lead be based on Susan Como and structured in essay signifier, get downing with a brief innovation to her and her househ aged. Susan Como is a married 21 twelvemonth old adult pistillate. As a kid she suffered minor afflictions ( eczema and Mumps ) which appear non to be prolonged or damaging to her long-run wellness so I am traveling to concentrate on her wellness from the twelvemonth 2000. In 2001 Susan suffered from repeated thorax infections which will non be disregarded as a minor affliction however does non use in congress to the context of this treatment as it was many old ages ago and does non look to be afflicting her any more, although relentless unwellness corporation be a precursor to depression ( Fox, 2008 ) which she began enduring from after she gave birth to billy club in 2003. The gestation and birth caused no complications, nevertheless she was diagnosed with postpartum depression the same twelvemonth and has suffered from i mportant clinical depression of all time since. baton is now 4 old ages old and has been diagnosed with planetary developmental hold. Susan is married to capital of Minnesota, whom she perceives herself to be really near to, although her star sign do non look to O.K. of him. Her hubby Saul works really long hours, and likes to pass the clip he is non working socialization and imbibing intoxi dealt, and provides her with really small in the modality of support, with respects to training. This fabricates Susan the main(a) health professional of billy, and he has been described as clingy , the premise being that this term is used to intend excessively attached to his feminine parent and exceedingly emotional and distressed at their separation. The forenoons Billy spends at babys room are difficult for Susan as she finds it hard to make mount her clip and delaies for him to return belongings once more. Billy is due to get down go toing full yearss at school shortly, which i s traveling to give Susan even more clip to make full. Though at times her depression has been managed by medicine and cognitive behavioral therapy, Susan is presently sing an addition in depressive symptoms and is frightened she may go really badly once more due to the absence of Billy when he is at school all twenty-four hours. Susans wellness demands in relation to occupational therapy are traveling to be the chief focal point of this essay.It is historically logical that occupational therapy rules be applied to mental wellness jobs as that is where the foundations of occupational therapy as it is known today began. Elizabeth Casson ( 1881-1954 ) a outstanding figure in the debut of occupational therapy to the UK began with incorporating pattern into a residential unit for female psychiatric patients, Dorset House in Bristol. The first school of occupational therapy was attached to Dorset House which opened in 1930 ( Creek, 2008, pp.11-12 ) and all work within the field of occupa tional therapy in the UK stems from this ( Long & A Cronin-Davis, 2006 ) . Throughout the history of occupational therapy, there have been shifts in the manner it is taught, applied and theorised, with the focal point being on different paradigms. However, since the 1970 s the focal point of occupational therapy has returned to its core belief that business should be at the Centre of occupational therapy. ( Molineux, 2004 ) .Occupational therapy is defined by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists as a client-centred wellness profession concerned with advancing wellness and good being through business ( WFOT, accessed 08/10/10 ) . There are, nevertheless, many different definitions of occupational therapy and no individual definition to embrace all that occupational therapy does. The implicit in premise is that if peck are given meaningful and purpose-built businesss to make full their clip, it is contributing to a mend province of physical and mental wellness, and a give away type of life.Definitions are debatable in themselves as they need farther definitions to clear up the term which they encompass, such(prenominal) as business. Wilcock ( 1998 ) defines business as All purposeful human activity , the focal point on this definition so inquiries what is meant by meaningful and purposeful? The activity must hold important importation for the client and be directed towards a end for the client that will help them in their day-to-day lives. A0TA ( 2002 ) expands this thought to integrate leting a client to wax their occupational battle, intending to utilize the accomplishments they have in order to portion in an activity. In Susans instance, it would be unpointed giving her a meaningless business such as doing a cup of tea, this would non profit her wellness or well-being at all as her unwellness does non forestall her ability to do a cup of tea. A more worthwhile business could be practising assertiveness or assurance, to talk up when sh e needs aid from her hubby. This would keep a mussiness more signifi mintce and liveliness to Susan. Occupational therapy focuses on spread outing the accomplishments the client already has and habilitating the accomplishments that would be good to their day-to-day lives and which they agree has great intent in their lives.Most definitions of occupational therapy focal point on the human impost of business. Occupational scientific discipline is the name given to the survey of worlds as occupational existences ( Yerxa, 2000 ) saying that worlds need to carry through businesss in their life. Wilcock ( 1993 ) outlined three major maps of business throughout history. These involved fulfilling immediate demands such as self-care and shelter, developing accomplishments and engineering to last ( against marauders, for illustration ) and keeping and developing the being. A theory linked to this thought is the 1 of temporal version. Creek ( 2003 ) negotiations about the reduce of tempora l version ( intending the manner people use their clip ) and the negative impact on the encephalon of non being meaningfully occupied. Harmonizing to this theory, if Susan does non do good usage of the clip she is entirely when Billy is at school and is merely sitting making nil, or waiting to pick him up as she has been, her encephalon can steal into a province of confusion it will non be working as population norms would propose it should and could go forth her extremely vulnerable to cognitive disfunction. As she has a history of depression and is already disquieted about her depression acquiring worse when Billy returns to school, Susan is at great hazard of this go oning therefore it is pertinent she should hold her occupational demands identified and addressed. Harries ( 2009 ) wrote an article about a adult female who suffered from anxiousness jobs. In relation to utilizing her clip in effect she negotiations of maintaining her head and organic structure stimulated in order to battle her anxiousness and stating that when she is non stimulated and there is non every bit much busying her head, the anxiousness can increment once more. Although Susan does non endure from anxiousness jobs, there could be some analogues between her depression and the anxiousness in this illustration symptoms of both appear to increase with the deficiency of business. The deductions of this theory can non be to the full supported though although many people feel the demand to be active or occupied, this can non be generalised to all worlds. For illustration, speculation could be classed as non physically exciting the encephalon or carry throughing an activity as such yet it is considered both meaningful and purposeful.Occupational individualism involves how you see and separate yourself through the businesss in your life ( Kielhofner, 2009 ) . For illustration, if person plays tennis they may see their individuality as a tennis participant . It can be imitation from th e grounds stated that Susan views herself as a married woman, a girl, a grand-daughter, a female parent. As she does non look to hold any other close relationships and the familiarities she does hold go around around her boy and female parents of his friends, it can be assumed these occupational individualities are the chief 1s in her life. She does non look to hold any avocations or activities outside her place so her individuality is limited to strictly crime syndicate relationships. Susan has identified the issue of non being able to make full her clip when Billy is at babys room and her occupational individualities are non linked to involvement in any activities or businesss other than related to her household life. As her hubby spends long hours working or socializing she does non even have much butt on with any grownups in a societal manner and she spends a batch of her clip isolated with Billy.Social inclusion is a major factor in the country of mental wellness people en during from mental wellness jobs are the most at-risk group for experiencing excluded from society and societal inclusion is by and boastfully believed to better mental wellness and well-being ( LeBoutillier & A Croucher, 2010 ) . Social inclusion is defined as A virtuous circle of improved rights of entree to the societal and economic universe, new chances, recovery of position and significance and decreased impact of disablement ( Sayce, 2000, p122 ) .Social exclusion has many deductions for occupational therapy, and occupational therapy can be instrumental in helping societal inclusion. Lack of meaningful businesss can take to societal exclusion, and societal exclusion can intend the person has a deficiency of resources to transport out their coveted businesss, due to occupational unfairness. Molineux ( 2004 ) negotiations of the construct of occupational justness intending entree to businesss, are non restricted in any manner to the person without societal inclusion, a ind ividual may non hold certain engineering or resources to manus in order to carry through their coveted businesss. Activities of day-to-day life ( ADL ) mostly act as barriers to societal inclusion, such as self-care functions and modus operandis. If persons self attention is missing and they become unkempt, this may take to stigmatisation of the person which may take to exclusion from any societal circle. If Susan focuses much clip or does non pass adequate clip on her self-care this could hold been a barrier to her societal inclusion. Occupational therapy could assist her recognize the demand to set or accommodate her self-care function in order to help in accidentally spread outing her societal circle. Habits and modus operandis can besides be a barrier to societal inclusion, if person has a really rigorous modus operandi they may non be able to accommodate to a societal circle that have their ain functions and modus operandis which may hold clip struggles. Habits and modus opera ndis can besides be said to be a barrier to occupational balance. Occupational balance involves a healthy balance of ego attention, productiveness, leisure clip and rest/sleep ( Turner et al, 2002 ) . Susan spends the bulk of her clip with her boy Billy, or clean uping the house when he is at babys room. She besides visits household members. The clip she spends with household and clean uping the house can be classed as productive in a sense, that in disbursement clip with her household she has achieved something ( she is non sitting at place merely waiting to pick Billy up ) and it has kept her meaningfully occupied, although this is personal to Susan and other people may non see it really productive. Self attention, remainder and slumber are countries in which set forth can non be drawn based on Susan, her medical notes and other information do non relay any cognition about these countries. However, leisure is adept country in Susans life that is badly deficient and this could b e interrupting her occupational balance. She spends her clip with Billy, household, or clean uping the house and waiting for Billy to return she has no personal avocations, involvements or mercantile establishments in which to impart her energies or balance against what she already does. However, occupational therapy is really much focused on client-centred pattern, intending a federation between the healer and the client. An occupational healer would necessitate to run an initial appraisal on Susan to reap whether she considers leisure activities to be meaningful and good although in this instance it could be assumed she would as she is worried about the province of her mental wellness when Billy starts traveling to school full-time. If she did non, or she considered seeing her household as leisure clip and felt she was balanced in the activities in her life this must be respected, as occupational therapy utilises a client-centred attack. Client-centred pattern involves a working partnership between healer in client to hold on wellness demands and intercessions together. For the healer to do all the determinations without affecting the client would be really bad pattern ( except in instances where the client is deemed to be unable to do determinations in which instance the healer still acts in the clients involvement ) . physiologic inactivity could besides be described as a wellness demand in this context aerophilic physical exercise has been found to better temper for people with depression in a short sum of clip ( Dimeo et al, 2001 ) . Blumenthal et Al ( 1999 ) found that a specific dosage of aerophilic exercising for patients with depression showed a decrease or complete remit of depressive symptoms. This survey besides showed that the dosage of aerophilic exercising had the same rates of response and remittal as antidepressant medicine and cognitive behavioral therapy. Physical activity is shown to cut down depressive symptoms in people with depres sion so possibly the fact that Susan does endure from depression but does non acquire any physical exercising can refer to it being a wellness demand instead than an intercession. Physical inaction can increase the hazard of many wellness jobs such as bosom disease, shot, diabetes and certain malignant neoplastic diseases ( WHO, 2010 ) besides foregrounding it as a specific wellness demand. Physical activity is besides a good manner to spread out your societal life and make full your clip which is a great manner to battle some effects of depression ( Williams, 2009 ) which could help in the other demands of Susan, such as her occupational individuality and occupational balance.In decision, the chief wellness demands of Susan involve her deficiency of societal activities and societal inclusion, her demand to make full her clip with meaningful businesss, physical inaction and possibly a support web outside of her household. There is a batch of support available for people with mental wellness jobs, or kids with exceptional demands outside of occupational therapy, such as MIND, a mental wellness charity in England DirectGov, a authorities tally association with many drivers, bingle being towards support for particular instruction demands where Susan could acquire a batch of rearing support and run into other parents in the same state of affairs, and rearing support groups for kids with larning troubles run by the NHS across the state, such as The Maze ( Extra Support For Families, 2010 ) . Aside from these national support webs, occupational therapy could be an highly good intercession to the wellness demands of Susan. NICE ( 2010 ) guidelines for the intervention of depression province that a structured programme of activities is recommended for persistent or mild to chair depression, every entirely or alongside other psychosocial intercessions. An appropriate theoretical account to use to utilize in measuring and working with Susan could be the Model of mer ciful Occupation ( Kielhofner, 2008 ) which would look at Susans will ( how she feels about the businesss she undertakes ) , addiction ( how she regulates her modus operandis and forms of behavior, and the functions in which she sees herself ) and public presentation capacity ( how able Susan is to carry through her current and future tense businesss based on her organic structure and cognitive abilities ) . This along with the other administrations mentioned could turn to her wellness demands and aid to spread out her occupational individuality and better her occupational balance and quality of life.

Methods of Teaching

Teachers argon the main disseminators of cognition in the schools and society. They occupy the enviable position of organism the main interpreters of knowledge for the next generation and forthcoming leaders. In order to make this knowledge viable, it requires pedagogical skills that ar capable to serve the minorities and completely opposite populations equitably.Most people atomic hail 18 locked out during the dissemination of knowledge non because they are not in the learn venue at the right epoch, but because their way of knowing is not incorporated into the command styles and strategies (Karl, 1997).According to Lev Vygotskyas accessible development possibleness we dominate that he states the cognitive development of a child is influenced by accessible interaction he says that while biological factors highly influence development, they just dont pass along in isolation. He says that the social environment in childs life matters a toilet in his development. He rea sons that adult guidance and childs problem solving early in life are things that affect cognitive growth. He calls it proximal development zone.He says that this is the zone where learning takes place. This is excessively where the child learns from the peers. Children learn speech and writing from their immediate social environment. These are tools that develop from culture and they supporter children to communicate their needs (Gardner and Jerome, 2001). He reasoned that language and thought are co exist, none undersurface happen without the other. The Neo Vygotsian approach to child development is more(prenominal) effective than the radical approach.Which was used in the past didnt run students with an environment that encourage learning where they play an active role in their learning and education. Through this they excessively influence their peers education. Both the instructor and students play untraditional roles together to kindle learning. Collaboration between the teacher and students in learning is better than where the teacher dictates to the students what to do. The students then just do the recitation, which is not inviolable learning.Education or learning where the students and teachers share ideas to enhance learning is the go around. According to Vygotsky classroom organisation should enhance menial bases of the students to discuss. This burn be through by creating more practisespace by having tables and tables clustered. This is where the students washbowl easily interact. In such a guinea pig communal learning is encouraged in the class. Teachers develop an commandment set up that is above the students development take aim to help them develop to the next levelFrom the above theory I can therefore say that Teaching strategies can be defined as the means whereby teachers and instructors use diverse teaching methods or techniques in conveying data to a class of students or those people who are required to gain in the altogether knowledge. There are various forms of techniques that can be utilise which include expository teaching, synergetic teaching, Small group teaching or discussion, inquiry teaching or problem solving, Individualization method of teaching and models of reality.This paper impart focus on small group discussions and interactive methods of teaching (Gardner and Jerome, 2001). In my position I do not support the constructivism since it is a way of teaching that involve the students to get learning through observation and experimentation in this case we find that constructivism method can be described as presentation by the teacher or lecturer to a big group of pupils whereby the presence of active learning in the class is curb and sole(prenominal) the teacher or lecturer takes the whole time formulaated for the lesson outlining whatever to be learned.This method can only be efficient and the best method if strategies that are active should be incorporated. Usually tea chers are characterized by longer hours with a lot of topics to be covered which throw away led to the approach organismness inefficient, I find it to be a complex method of teaching and that it should be discouraged by any teacher (Bruner, 1996).since I believe that the constructivism is a complex method of teaching, In order to tolerate groovy teaching results in my profession I therefore choose the following types of teaching methods which are the small group discussions and the interactive teaching methods as the appropriate strategies for teaching Small Group like Discussion is found to be the close important strategies applied in many learning institutions which unremarkably involve the division of the students in class into a number of groups that are meant to represent certain points of situation on the identified topic that is regarded as the most compromising cause. under group discussions we find that there are those who support the argument, that is the propone nts or those for, and those who oppose the issue referred to as those against or the critics, this actually indicates the benefits of the team work in many learning institutions whereby we find that students involve themselves in a number of debates through character or dismantle assuming different roles (Print, 1993).These discussions are alike believed to be leading to the achieving of new knowledge because by arguing it out a point, there is an opportunity of integrating ideas and and then conclusions arrived at cosmos reclaimable in the learning act upon. Since it is a discussing motion which can generate more new knowledge it should be encouraged in learning institutions, therefore the strategies that can be applied to encourage team work in schools is that the management should ensure that courses should be introduced that only requires discussions as a method of learning where participants will be required to compile the outcome of their discussions.Teachers should con stantly utilize the discussion approach especially on contemporary issues which require further research (Gardner and Jerome, 2001). The use of this approach should be encouraged in training, primary, secondary, adult, and in the higher learning of institutions such as the universities because it provides an opportunity to argue or oppose certain subject which is an issue which can lead to generation of new ideas.However, it should strongly be recommended to adult, training and in the university institutions because with such knowledge the learners can utilize in the working environment when they are employed. In the primary level those who are in upper classes can be introduced to debates so that they are familiar with the approach and also get to know that constructive debate about an issue is not bad but can lead to gaining of new knowledge (Bruner, 1960).The only limitation exist in this strategy is that, there is a tendency of laziness and time wastage since students are left t o choose on what topics to discuss on at their own time and whitethorn request their instructor to present their findings at their own convenient time, that is, when they flavour that they have fully exhausted the topic to discuss on. Small group discussions are regarded as the best strategy to learning and it is said to be democratic since it gives freedom to the learners and the teachers.Through which they are given an opportunity to make themselves in groups that everyone that allow individuals to raise different opinions relating to the particular issue under discussion without any restrictions. Under this strategy everyone is entitled to give contributions is given an opportunity to air his/her opinions without victimization or favors. Further the nerve of freedom of scheduling the activities by the students and the presence of good environment makes discussions more democratic and beting (Print, 1993).Interactive method acting of Teaching Interactive teaching is one whereb y learners are provided with an interactive environment where they can express their views, opinions, suggestions and have an opportunity to support their arguments. It involves both the teacher and the learner where the teacher comes up with the topic to be discussed which is readable to any form of criticisms or additions to the main point. This interactive teaching method can be utilized whereby there is a big number of audience or learners expected to gain from the knowledge being passed.This method is found to be effective only if active methods of learning are introduced. The aspect of interactive learning should be incorporated in order to avoid boredom and tiredness among the participants. It should not only be done through talking by the speaker but also the use of boards and lecturers being open discussions should be considered (Print, 1993). The time of interacting should be revised as often as it is allocated a long time frame which has been the main reason behind bore dom and tiredness among the partners.Good communication skills by the teachers should be encouraged in order to pass clearly the intended messages to the learners which lead to solving the most car park problem of ambiguity, that is, to enhance passage of clear messages to the listeners or the participants. It is also advisable that lecturing should be encouraged if the topics to be covered are easy and to understand and also interesting to the learners and thus make them more attentive because there will be no boredom and tiredness during the session or lesson and hence gaining knowledge (Karl, 1997).The interactive teaching method is found to be prescriptive because it does not give the learner an opportunity to air their views or make suggestions. Usually it gives the teacher or the instructor an opportunity to learn for the students thus being prone to being an effective approach. It is a rigid way since it does not provide an opportunity to participants to make any suggestio ns concerning the subject matter thus there limited generation of new ideas.The students normally have to follow the set course outline and they are not open to strike hard anything even if they are unsatisfied thus rendering this approach to be narrow in harm of the out allot expected. The lecturer has to come up with what is required and to be covered in the cause and this depends in general on his professionalism in relation to his duties. For spokesperson the topics to be covered during the lecture might be speculate in such a way that some important topics are left out may be because the lecturer may not be conversant with the topics (Gardner and Jerome, 2001).The use of interactive whiteboards should be encouraged. new-made studies have looked at how interactive whiteboards influences learning and teaching processes in schools. It suggests that whiteboards offer visual display that go in line with the explanations offered by the teacher thus helps students to understand better. It further outlines that the use of technologies in methods homogeneous debate and lectures can act as a motivational effect especially when used at the primary school level.For this interactive teaching method to prosper, we find that many schools are found to be using the Information and Communication Technology which refers to technologies used to collect, store, edit and pass on information in various forms these ICT technologies that are utilized include Interactive whiteboard, Videoconferencing, PowerPoint research presentation, and Internet use. For example during class lessons, the teacher can use the laptops in presentation when explaining an issue to the students (Bruner, 1960).Another technique that can be utilized in the interactive method of teaching is the radio broadcasts which are regarded as day to day learning procedures in many learning institutions most radio programs are said to be alike(p) lectures because they normally cultivate the public and the students. Sometimes the conversions are open to callers who make their suggestions thus coming up with different opinions. late studies have looked at how interactive whiteboards influences learning and teaching processes in schools.It suggests that whiteboards offer visual display that go in line with the explanations offered by the teacher thus helps students to understand better. It further outlines that the use of technologies in methods like debate and lectures can act as a motivational effect especially when used at the primary school level. (Print, 1993) Creative Thinking Creative cerebration is defined as the process of cerebration that enables the mind of an individual to improve its index of being seminal, this in simple terms means that it is a process bringing in new and different ideas from the existing ones.Research indicates that there are different types of creative intellection examples of the creative idea are the expressive creativity this type of thinking is believed to be occurring most often in children which is presented by children through their drawing and playing, the productive creativity this is the type of thinking which is estimable by many scientists since it involves the process of a continuous production that is characterized by the urge of creating but not expressing, the other type of a creative thinking is that of an inventive creativity thinking which is ever so accommodate towards solving and improving the technology in heading. Research indicates that this creative thinking is always characterized by its ability to be nurtured and changed by an individual (Ennis, 1991). Research indicates that those individuals using the creative way of thinking actually flub in the making of instinctive approaches to the existing solutions depending on the insights and perception surrounding the situation.Here we find that in the process of taking information through individuals senses, the brain therefore functions in the f ollowing process that is after the information is gathered the brain is enabled to reach a decision through the process of thinking or even feeling, and in normal cases these decisions are therefore allowed to through the judgment process under which is found to be relating to the brains approaches towards the global externally thus the brain is found to be dealing with the judgment on how individuals handle their daily activities, therefore an individual using the right side of the brain are said to be preferring situations to be put in an orderly and an organized manner including the factor of neatness and a good establishment before reaching a conclusion (Tama,1989). The people using the creative thinking are therefore divided in two that is the perceivers and the judgers. Under this grouping the judgers are said to first of all come up with a plan which will enable a number of things to be done before getting a solution thus the brain allows them to get ready by making sure that their work is done in advance, thus bringing in the idea of them preferring their solutions to be prepared, worked upon and brought to a solution with a particular plan to move on at a later time (Bruner, 1996).The other types of individuals using the creative thinking are the perceivers who are believed to be having an affinity of postponing decisions with the progress of pursuit for different options by actually dealing with socializing with other people, listening to others, farming among other activities, this indicates that they usually proceed unexpectedly, the brain makes them not to plan for their solutions in advance and they usually do their obligations at the conk minute (Gardner and Jerome,2001). Therefore in this case we find that when many people are found to be more concentrated with either the creative or the particular thinking of the brain in the process of dealing with facts and logic when solving a situation. The majority of the individuals do not understand the problems that always go hand in hand with the elements of social knowledge. Under their expectations and achievements, those establishing the use of both types of thinking, usually plan more as compared to what they would actually achieve in actual terms. Future possibilities in them are easily connected with the feelings of the persons affected.Compared to the individuals using a single type of thinking, who are less genuine in interest and transcendent awareness in their day to day activities they are special in giving in to the interest their personal experiences, thus they fail to have a strong need for intimate relationships which are usually needed for close interrelations in the society, thus failing in the solving of particular problems (Beyer, 1987). The best example of a creative thinking is the personal experience is the relationship I had between me and my students in a classroom, whereby as a teacher I had a role to motivate a creative thinking to my student, in this case we find that I used a method referred to as a extensive Assessment Test which is an average assessment for students whose outcome represents the position of a particular student in relation to their capability of achieving a learning standard that is always expected by others.Being a teacher I was given the opportunity of enabling my student to undertake the assessment in a number of activities which features the knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation practiced on her by me, I utilized the following procedures to make her coiffure successful (Tama,1989). Benchmarks- under this research indicates that it always involve the setting up of the students ability of creative thinking and solving problems, here I provided the student with a reading test, whereby I ensured that the student was served with the mandate of analyzing, appreciation and assessing the information provided to her and then follow the measures required to carry out the e xercise. In this test the students creative thinking surpasses the essential comprehension of many test questions I gave the student (Bruner, 1960).In this case the student was also put in the practice of reading passages which allowed her to be able to create meaning from the number of texts she read, the passages were always provided in two forms, one consisting of two to three literary passages such as short stories, poems, historical parable among others, while the second one carries four to five informational passages such as texts derived from magazines, diaries and newspaper articles Among others (Anderson, 1990) Multiple Choices- this is other method that I the teacher applied in the students learning to motivate a creative thinking to her in this case, I gave her a question and four choices of dish outs, where she was recommended to choose the most excellent answer for the useable question.Short Response Task- here, I provided the student with a number of questions with a space of eight lines below the question requiring her to write their answers in a duration of five minutes, this particular response carries two points scoring rubric, whereby, the I ensured that the student applies the read, think and explain concept in answering the questions thus the student was needed to be creative in answering the questions provided to her (Karl, 1997). Extended Response Task- This involved a question with a symbol carrying fourteen lines just next to the question which allowed the student to give a longer written answer here I gave the student more time, at least ten minutes to answer the provided questions, these responses always carry four point scores. This method is usually designed with an objective of improving the students understanding abilities (Anderson, 1990). To apply all these methods of creative thinking in my students learning I actually needed her to use her critical thinking in order to succeed in answering the questions I provided to her. ConclusionIn order to yield good teaching results in my profession I therefore choose the above techniques of teaching methods which is the small group discussions, the interactive and creative thinking teaching methods as the appropriate strategies for teaching as compared to the other teaching methods which are stated to be the complex methods of teaching, like the constructivism teaching should be discouraged since it is stated to be one of the most complex method of teaching by any teacher, in this case we find that it is actually passive and involves the teacher take the major part of participation such as organizing the information that is to be conveyed to the students in a manner that will enhance their understanding on the particular topic, we also find that in this method there is no room for the students to offer their views on the subject being discussed, it is regarded as the most inefficient mode of teaching and has contributed mostly to deterioration of education sta ndards around the universe of discourse (Print, 1993). Reference Anderson, G. (1990) Teaching Creativity for Professional Growth and Personal Reward. NACTA journal 34 (4) pp 53-56. Beyer, B (1987) working Strategies for the Teaching of Thinking, Boston MA, Allyn &Bacon Inc Bruner, J. (1996) the Culture of Education- Cambridge, Mass- Harvard University PressBruner, J (1960) the Process of Education- Cambridge, Mass- Harvard University Press Ennis, R. (1991). Critical Thinking a silky Conception, Teaching Philosophy 14 (1), 6-20 Gardner, H. , Jerome B (2001) Modern Thinkers on Education from Piaget to the present, in J, Palmer 50 variate London Routledge Karl, A. (1997) Children-Schools & Inequality- Boulder, Co Westview Tama, C (1989) Critical Thinking has a Place in Every Classroom. Journal of Reading, 30, 63-66. Parkerson, D (2001) Transitions in American Education, a Social History of Teaching Routledge Vol. 242 pp. 14-19 Print, M. (1993) Curriculum development & design second edition St Leonards Allen & Unwin Publishing