The Crucible - Was The Mass Hysteria Necessary? Essay -- Essay on The

In The Crucible, there was a lot of senseless behavior. The purpose of The Crucible is to educate the reader on the insanity that can form in a group of people who think they are judging fairly upon a group of people. Judge Hawthorne believes what he is told by certain people is the truth even if little evidence is to be shown. The young girls with Abigail convince Hawthorne of others being witches so that Abigail can get what she wants, John Proctor, also so that Abigail does not blackmail the girls. The Crucible by Authur Miller investigates the effects of hysteria, superstitions and repression on the Salem Community in the late 1600’s. Author Miller, 1915- was born in New York City and graduated from Abraham High School in Brooklyn, New York. Miller later went on to graduate school at the University of Michigan, 1938, where he received a prize for his play write. After college Miller joined the United States Army and fought in World War II. Miller also went through the great depression. Arthur Miller’s first play was written in 1944, he titled it â€Å"The Man who had All the Luck.† The Crucible is a dramatization of the 17th-century Salem witch trials and a parable about the United States in the McCarthy era. It was written in 1953 and Miller received a Tony Award for this play write. Miller’s The Theater Essays (1971) is a collection of writings about the craft of play writes and the nature of modern tragedy. In his time he has written many others plays, he has also writt...

Asthma Essay -- Science Scientific Research Essays

Asthma Breathing is a vital process for every human. Normal breathing is practically effortless for most people, but those with asthma face a great challenge. During an asthma attack, breathing is hampered, making it difficult or even impossible for air to flow through the lungs. Asthma is an increasingly common problem, and has become the most common chronic childhood disease. At least 17 million Americans suffer from it(1), and although it can be fatal, it is usually not that severe(4). There is no cure for asthma, but with proper care, it can usually be controlled. As someone with Exercise Induced Asthma, I have personal experience with the topic. I have experienced most of the symptoms described in my research, tried many of the medicines, and have my asthma under control. This essay will first discuss the normal function of the lungs, and then proceed to explain how this is effected by asthma. The causes of the disease and the ways of controlling it will follow. Normal breathing is controlled by the lungs and the chest cavity. Airways are tubes with muscle that contracts and relaxes wrapped around them, and this accounts for the motion of the chest that is associated with breathing. The diaphragm, which is located underneath the rib cage, along with the intercostal muscles, or those in between the ribs, control the movement of the chest cavity(6). When these muscles contract, the chest expands, which lowers the pressure inside the lungs. Since air moves naturally from high to low pressure, the lungs are automatically inflated. In order to exhale, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to become smaller. The decrease in volume causes the pressure in the lungs to go... ...pl/display.cfm?id=2⊂=32#1 4)Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Online,Taking Control http://allergy.mcg.edu/patients/control.htm 5)Children's Medical Center of UVA, How Attacks Happen http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/pediatrics/patients/tutorials/asthma/whydoes.htm 6)Marshall Brain's How Stuff Works Site, Lungs http://www.howstuffworks.com/lung1.htm 7) Marshall Brain's How Stuff Works Site , Lungs Continued http://www.howstuffworks.com/lung2.htm 8)American Lung Association, Five Asthma Medication Groups http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22542 9)National Jewish Medical and Research Center , Exercise Induced Asthma http://www.nationaljewish.org/error.aspx?type=404 10) Children’s Medical Center of UVA , Treating Asthma http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/pediatrics/patients/tutorials/asthma/treat.htm

Causes of the American Revolution :: Essays on American Revolution

During the late seventeen hundreds, many tumultuous events resulted in Colonial opposition to Great Britain. The conditions of rights of the colonists will slowly be changed as the constriction of the parliament becomes more and more intolerable. During the Seven Years' War England was not only alarmed by the colonists' insistence on trading with the enemy, but also with Boston merchants hiring James Otis in order to protest the legality of the writs of assistance (general search warrants) used to hunt out smuggled goods. "let the parliament lay what burthens they please on us, we must, it is our duty to submit and patiently bear them, till they will be pleased to relieve us....". This is a very strong dictum, that in 1764, the colonists were of a submissive nature, and were weakly pleading for self-autonomy. This small fire of anger will become a huge conflagration as the rights are slowly rescinded. On October 19, 1765 the Stamp Act Congress and Parliamentary Taxation committee's passed some laws that attempted to strengthen the grip of the English crown. "I.That his Majesty's subjects in these colonies, owe the same allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain that is owing from his subjects born within the realm, and all due subordination to that august body, the Parliament of Great Britain." This statement can be used as a summation of the entire document that the Stamp Act Congress had initiated. The statement depicts the colonists has having to be submissive and servile in the view of Great Britain, this policy angered the colonists very much, and was another component of the transition of the colonists' rights and liberties. When the Declatory Act was passed in March of 1766, many colonies were attempting to claim that they were "seceding" from England. "Whereas several of the houses of representatives in his Majesty's colonies and plantations in America, have of late, against law, or to the general assemblies of the same, the sole and exclusive right of imposing duties and taxes upon his Majesty's subjects in the said colonies....be it declared ...., that the said colonies and plantations in America, have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial Crown and Parliament of Great Britain;". The Parliament of course denounced the attempt at independance and still dogmatilcally passed the following law to show that the colonists were still british subjects. Again, the colonists were infuriated and later will resist the british imperialism on the colonies. "All before, are calculated to regulate trade, and preserve prpromote a mutually beneficial intercourse between the several constituent parts of the

Education Is the Key to a Good and Successful Life Essay

Getting a good education is one of the foundations of living a good life. Yes of course morals, family, and religion are huge parts of your life, but without a good education you’ll have a hard time going anywhere but down in this world I’m afraid. The word education is misrepresented often though, because it does not always mean reading lots of books and writing tons of papers to get a good grade. No education is learning how to do things the right way at its most basic level, and when you do things right in life you become successful without a doubt. Sure there are those people out there that don’t need their high school diplomas, or didn’t need college, and that’s just great! They’ve been naturally blessed with strong minds and good skills to provide for them in life. But as with most people, life is a learning process and school helps you organize the early years of that process so you can become as efficient and successful as early in li fe as possible. So if you’re thinking about dropping out of high school, then you need to think twice! High school definitely isn’t the most exciting place to spend your youth years, that’s a fact! But none the less it’s still important to your life on a huge scale. High school provides you with a general range of knowledge that can be applied through out your entire lifetime. Then in high school you get the chance to branch out a little more and experience a little bit of everything. This helps you to decided maybe what you want to do when you finally do finish high school and begin the next step in your life. After high school though the possibilities grow so much greater for you. College is the general destination for most high school graduates, but it definitely isn’t for everyone! Some people will continue to college, pick a major, graduate, and become successful in their field for the rest of their life, and that’s just wonderful! But for others, that may not be the best route to take. A lot of people join the military, because it’s a good life style to live. The military provides a structured way of life as well as a strong paycheck to live by. Army personnel, whether they be officers or ensigns, never go to bed hungry or cold because what they can’t provide for themselves the military will provide for them. Granted this does come at a huge cost. You will serve out the time you signed up for, no excuses, as well as you put forth 100% of yourself (including your very own life) to be in our military. It’s a good life style to live, but it also has its price. Also another choice of action would be a trade school to become an electrician, plumber, or other manual labour type of job. These jobs though, compared to just mowing lawns, give you a good education in the field and you can earn huge amounts of money because of all the technical knowledge and skill required. This way of living is definitely not for those who don’t want to get dirty, or for those who are lazy because it is not an easy way to go! Many people also just live off their own cleverness. They sell products or invent nifty tools that people buy and use. These are special kind of people because they work much harder than the others. These kind of people are the ones who started with almost nothing and become millionaires. They didn’t inherit the money, all they did was use the mind in their head to get them ahead in life. So before you blow off education, just remember these things! If you think dropping out of high school is for you then think again because just finish high school and the possibilities open up before you. The military, trade schools, your own cleverness, or even just college are great choices after high school and they all will provide you with the skills and tools needed to become successful in life. So don’t brush off education as a waste of time just because it’s not the most fun thing to do, because even though its not fun it’s still hugely important to your life. Remember that, just remember that.

Research material Essay

Our stimulus was the photograph of ‘The Falling Man’ and from this we began to brainstorm our ideas. After coming up with our starting point, the fall of the economy and society, we then started to distribute topics to research amongst the group. The first point to target was economic disasters; from this we decided to look at information about the credit crunch and the Wall Street crash to provide the starting point of our research. There were certain bits of our research that had to be gathered during the process of devising for example in the Prostitute scene we had to gather information on mythological creatures such as sirens and harpies. A lot of our research on this subject ended up being the starting point for almost all of the chorus’ characters for this scene. Also in the war scene we drew our research from comic TV shows such as Black Adder and Monty Python, again this research went straight into our scenes and provided us with stepping stones to experiment and explore all the content that could be created using their unique senses of style and humour. Our resources were mostly Internet for our research on the Wall Street Crash, mainly websites like Wikipedia and the BBC website, but we made sure to research the information we had found again from different sources so as to make sure that the information it provided was correct. I had also found a guide to economics and found some references from it that we used in the process, to stimulating or integrating with our ideas, we used some of these during the devising process. However none of these references made it through to staying in the final performance, we decided this as a group agreeing that the addition of the economic jargon would make it too convoluted. For the research on mythological creatures we used research from the Internet and various books, one being a Dorling Kindersley guide, we also took a look at books like ‘His Dark Materials’ for representation of mythological creatures such as daemons, angels and harpies, the latter was to aid the content of the prostitute scene however this research was not used as harpies weren’t what we were thinking as a seductress. We then explored sirens in a book I had and decided that that was a far more realistic way to go to represent our seductresses. As for the War scene we gathered research on the style we wanted to emulate by watched videos of ‘Monty Python’s Flying Circus’ and ‘Black Adder Goes Forth’. The gathering of our research material was co-ordinated by individuals doing there own research and, where relevant, discussing it with the group to see if certain finds were appropriate to incorporate into a particular scene and making sure the information was strong enough to underpin or add to the scene and, ultimately, our plot. When collecting research material we found that the group were looking up the same things, doubling up on various topics, and finding the same information. This was due to everybody using the same research source, the Internet. We overcame this by making sure everyone knew what they were supposed to research and encouraged people going to the library and finding external sources rather than looking everything up on the Internet, which has liabilities. Our research formed the basis to create the beginning scene of the play, after researching the economy and finding a poem based on a nuclear attack; one of the members of the group combined these two sources. This created a brilliant introduction to our piece that took the form of an emergency service announcement (replicating the poem) but re-written as if it were announcing the fall of the economy. After gathering this we then began to brainstorm ideas for action, lighting, sounds etc. to create a scene representing emergency and panic but without using actors to portray it. This steered us, inevitably, towards flashing police lights and sirens, the obvious choice being a World War II air raid siren. A lot of our research was disregarded, especially at the beginning of the process during brainstorming, this was when we were trying to find the deeper meaning through the image of ‘The Falling Man’ but, to do this, we kept coming back to research on 9/11 which, we knew when we started, wasn’t the direction we wanted to take. But after our final take on the stimulus was decided we began focussing on our economic and social research. Explorations, into mythological creatures especially, created fresh ideas during rehearsal time, for example in the prostitute scene. Thinking about the prostitute scene we kept coming back to the idea of sirens and harpies following on from this, after our research material had been collated and discussed, numerous members of the group began having clearer and clearer ideas for the actual behaviour of these creatures we were creating. From our workshops we deduced that we needed creatures that were a cross between seductresses and monsters to lure the protagonist of his path and then put his life in danger once they’d done so. In our final performance the prostitutes waited until the protagonist fell asleep the manipulated his body to move him then, as he woke up, began stroking and caressing him slowly getting more aggressive, agitated and hideous. This was the research material that we collected later. I also decided to research some more World War II propaganda as, at this point; I didn’t know what our set was going to look like for the Battle scene and thought that we could have a screen behind us donning WWII propaganda, postcards, pictures etc. this research was also disregarded, as we didn’t end up with a screen behind us at all. The research I did for my character was mainly through hot seating, I tried to draw from former experiences of bullying, peer pressure and losing a loved one then collating it all and exaggerating each individual experience to imagine being taken away from an entire family and being plunged into cannibalistic tribe of siren-esque women. Our whole play desired an awful lot of research just to make the characters seem real enough. For my character I thought that this research into various area would create a fuller more believable character.

The Effects of Standardized Tests on Education

Standardized tests have been debated and argued for as many years as they have existed. It is worthwhile to look at some of the arguments for both sides and find out if there can be some middle ground. Two important factors of standardized tests are the way the tests are administered and how the results are handled. These two issues may be more important than the tests themselves. There must be ways to have accountability in most areas of society. In schools, we need to know if teachers are teaching and if students are learning. There has to be some way to judge whether the system is working. Standardized tests can show students’ strengths and weaknesses. Ideally, teachers then develop strategies to address the needs of the student that the test has outlined. These tests can help predict selection at college, justification for scholarships, and selection for employment. They can document achievement, both for the student and the teacher. â€Å"The fundamental ideas behind the construction and use of tests are not beyond our understanding†. Says Andrew J. Strenio Jr.  These tests â€Å"certify that the examinee does have the requisite skills and competencies needed to graduate from high school programs, practice in an occupation or profession, or receive elevated status within a profession†. (Defending Standardized Testing; Phelps, Richard. We could not function in society without some basic standards and these standards need to be uniform throughout our society. Chauncey and Dobbin write in their book Testing: It’s Place in Education Today:â€Å"Every school and almost every teacher uses a test at some point in the process of planning instruction that will fit the student and his capacities†. Standardized testing is just a larger scale for comparison. It offers feedback to the student and the school system about where achievement is in certain areas. But it should not be the only criteria for what we consider success. There is a great deal of criticism of standardized tests. Making test scores public is a way to see them as indicators of school quality. This has increased their value 100% but not in a particularly good way. Officials use an assortment of bribes and threats to coerce everyone into concentrating on test results. If the scores are high, the bribes may include bonuses for teachers and schools. Students may receive food, tickets to theme parks or sporting events, exemptions from in-class final exams, and even scholarships. The threats include loss of funding or accreditation for schools, while students may be held back a year or denied a high school diploma if they don’t test well, regardless of their over-all academic record. All together, these tactics are known as ‘high stakes’ testing. There may not be data on this, but Alfie Kohn states â€Å"the people who work most closely with kids are the most likely to understand the limits of standardized tests. † He says that â€Å"support for testing seems to grow as you move away from the students, going from teacher to principal to central office administrator to school board member to state board member, state legislator, and governor. † 3 Standardized Minds by Peter Sacks talks about the unquestioned position of standardized testing which he terms â€Å"an unhealthy and enduring obsession†. He also writes about the cost of all this testing. â€Å"The amount Americans spend taking tests, preparing for tests, scoring tests, and running magnificently elaborate testing programs in schools, colleges and the workplace is stunning, probably running in the billions of dollars each year. It is possible that Americans may be taking as many as 600 million standardized tests annually, or more than two tests per year for every man, woman, and child in the United States. Unreasonable demands of ‘higher scores’ from schools has many negative results. Alfie Kohn says â€Å"Teachers are beginning to tire of the pressure, the skewed priorities, and the disrespectful treatment as they are forced to implement a curriculum largely determined by test manufacturers or state legislators. † A hostile environment develops as teachers feel the need to prove that low scores were not their fault. An unhealthy competition is set up between teachers. High-stakes testing has led to widespread cheating. Recently, Atlanta schools cheating scandal has been front page news. An article in Substance News by George N. Schmidt on Dec. 26, 2010 details the depth and breadth of the CRCT scandal. The article is part of series that has examined the statistically improbable gains in test scores in Atlanta schools and how school district officials responded to them. The money spent on this investigation could probably build a new school. The expectation of higher scores means teachers are more likely to â€Å"teach to the test’ and become drill sergeants. Other things like fine arts fall to the wayside as math and science are emphasized. From the book Standardized Minds: â€Å"Researchers have found consistently that one of the most damaging effects of large-scale, big-stakes standardized testing in schools has been to: (1) oversimplify what’s taught in school; and (2) to severely constrict what is taught to only those items most likely to appear on an upcoming standardized test. There is blame and consequence to cheating, whether it is outright erasures on tests or days of teaching the test. But it should help us to rethink the pressures on ‘high-stakes’ testing. Maybe the Atlanta cheating scandal can show us that our response to the test score is way out of line. School districts, schools, teachers, and students should not have to be tested under such extreme pressure. This threatening atmosphere makes cheating a likelihood. Grades and test scores don’t tell us what we really want to know about somebody. The Case Against Standardized Testing includes a list offered by educator Bill Ayers: â€Å"Standardized tests can’t measure initiative, creativity, imagination, conceptual thinking, curiosity, effort, irony, judgment, commitment, nuance, good will, ethical reflection, or a host of other valuable dispositions and attributes. What they can measure and count are isolated skills, specific facts and functions, the least interesting and least significant aspects of learning†. Maybe it is not a ‘bad test’ but how the results are handled. Daniel Koretz in Measuring Up talks about the limits of test scores. He says â€Å"What education leaders want is a fair, straight-forward measure of school performance, to be able to monitor schools and hold them accountable. The problem is that we tend to overestimate what tests can do. Tests are not designed to summarize all that students and schools can do†. By the same token Andrew Strenio states that â€Å"Standardized tests convey an illusion of much greater precision than they are actually capable of achieving†. Learning is a process and process is defined as movement, a series of actions or changes. That is what makes it hard to precisely measure. So maybe we should not pin so much on standardized tests. Instead, make them a component of the over-all measurement of quality achievement. Valerie Janesick states in The Assessment Debate that â€Å"Learning does not take place by sheer dumb chance or luck . It takes place by design†. She makes reference to Grant Wiggins saying â€Å"the goal is not instant reform or instant knowing but rather a continuous process that results in understanding†. Priscilla Vail states â€Å"Above all, parents, students, and educators must remember that a test only shows what one person did on one exercise on one day. A standardized test score is not a license to live or a measure of deserving oxygen and space on our planet. † The opportunity to demonstrate what you know can also be done with portfolio assessment, group or individual projects, and take-home exams. We should strive to create schools that help students flourish. We should also strive to hire administrators who can develop and implement new criteria for measuring achievement that could go along with the standardized tests.

Every Child Is Special

In   this   world,   children   exist   with   exceptional   behaviors.   Their   behavior   is   hard   to   accept   for   the   society.   Teachers   play   a   very   vital   role   in   making   them   educated.   First   of   all   teacher   should   be   trained   to   work   in   the   school   where   there   are   children   with   exceptionalities.   Sometimes   it   becomes   very   hard   for   the   teacher   to   react   in   a   right   manner   when   they   teach.   The   students   with   behavioral   issues   needs   extra   of   teaching   and   attention. The   small   classes   would   help   a   lot   in   teaching   them   effectively.   Also   there   must   be   a   room   for   visiting   faculty   to   come   and   take   extra   sessions.   This   not   only   comes   out   to   be   beneficial   for   children   but   also   is   a   help   to   the   teachers.   There   could   be   a   new   technique   of   teaching   or   handling   the   students   and   could   be   advantageous.   The   visiting   faculty   proves   out   to   be   change   for   the   students. The   good   teacher   is,   who   emphasize   on   child's   ability   not   disability.   The   disability   must   be   removed   but   without   depressing   a   child.   A   child   must   know   about   his   disabilities,   but   he   must   also   that   he   has   abilities   which   are   more   in   number   than   his   disabilities.   A   teacher   must   teach   with   a   mentality   that   every   child   has   some   incapacities.   Teacher   should   help   a   child   in   bringing   up   his   abilities   and   should   curb   the   disabilities   silently.   Expectations   should   be   high,   because   every   child   can   achieve   some   position   in   a   society   according   to   his   potential,   but   this   needs   assistance. Environment   of   class   should   be   positive   and  Ã‚   friendly.   This   depends   on   a   teacher   that   how   she   maintain   the   environment.   Because   the   positive   environment   boost   the   learning   capabilities   of   a   child.   Also   the   behavior   of   a   child   depends   on   his   surroundings.   If   a   child   feels   threatened   by   something   then   it   is   obvious   that   his   behavior   would   change.   Sometimes   it   become   very   important   for   a   teacher   to   know   about   child's   likes   and   dislikes. Every   child   has   an   individual   goal,   so   from   time   to   time   teachers   should   keep   themselves   updated   that   how   far   he   has   progressed.   The   grade   does   not   tell   everything   about   what   the   child   has   learned   so   far.   The   emphasis   on   grade   should   be   low.   Teacher   should   know   what   he   has   learned   so   far   or   in   which   field   is   he   lacking   behind. This   also   boosts   up   the   confidence   of a   child. The   whole   learning   process   makes   a   child   tired.   This   not   only   effects   their   learning   abilities   but   also   distracts   them.   Therefore   a   teacher   should   employ   proper   techniques   for   relaxing   in   a   class.   A   child   with   attention   disorder   gets   mentally   tired   soon.   There   should   be   proper   relaxing   techniques   like   listening   to   soft   music   or   playing   games.   Playing   games   not   only   ease   a   child   but   also   keeps   them   healthy. The   first   thing   a   child   should  Ã‚   learn   is   to   take   care   of   himself.   They   should   be   made   self   dependent.   Taking,   basic   example   a   child   must   learn   to   tie   his   shoe   laces.   The   dependent   child   always   has   a   low   confidence   level.   There   must   be   short   extra   sessions   to   teach   the   students,   how   to   take   care   of   themselves,   or   how   to   be   more   organized. There   should   be   also   be   sessions   to   prevent   behavior   issues.   Sometimes   teacher   takes   a   child   as   a   normal   child,   she   does   not   lay   stress   on   the   behavior   problems.   But   she   does   not   know   that   the   lack   of   attention   by   a   teacher   encourages   the   problem   in   a   child. But   sometimes   these   session   proves   out   to   be   futile   as   students   continues   to   misbehave,   then   it   is   necessary   to   know   that   they   are   misbehaving   because   of   these   sessions.   Because   the   sessions   does   not   fit   to   their   needs   every time,   and   they   wait   for   someone   who   can   help   them   in   personal. In   case   of   higher   education   there   are   many   faculties   who   are   taking   a   single   class.   The   coordination   between   these   faculties   is   a   must   so   that   the   students   does   not   get   confused   between   all   the   faculties.   A   teacher   has   its   own   style   of   teaching   and   if   another   teacher   comes   and   teaches   them   in   totally   different   style   it   becomes   hard   for   the   students   to   know,   which   one   they   should   follow.   Therefore   all   the   faculties   teaching   a   particular   class   should   know   about   each   other   teaching   styles,   it   becomes   easy   for   a   student   to   learn. Teacher   should   make   sure   the   behavioral   improvements   and   achievements   generalize   to   other   situations.   They   should   make   sure   that   what   they   teach   should   apply   in   most   of   the   real   world   situations.   The   generalized   teachings   proves   out   to   be   more   beneficial   to   the   students,   as they   come   to   know   the   particular   thing   that   they   have   learned   can   apply   in   the   most   of   the   problems.   This   type   of   teaching   method   proves   out   to   be   very   beneficial   because   students   can   learn   more   things   with   less   stress   on   their   brains. Students   should   learn   to   socialize   with   other   students   who   may   or   may   not   be   disable   like   them.   The   interaction   with   other   students   should   be   started   at   the   beginning   of   their   year.   Their   should   be   learning   centers   that   promote   social   interaction   for   these   children’s.   Necessary   social   skills   should   be   taught   in   the   learning   centers.   If   the   school   is   finding   it   difficult   to   start   learning   centers   then   skills   should   be   taught   in   the   lunch   time   or   in   the   free   period. Literature   Review:- Teaching   strategies   for   attention   deficit   hyperactivity   disorder:– Unable   to   pay   attention,   hyperactivity,   impulsive   are   the   signs   of   ADHD.   There   are   about   three   to   five   percent   of   the   students   in   United   States   who   are   suffering   from   ADHD   (   American Psychiatric Association, 1994   ).   The   students   suffering   from   ADHD   fail   to   finish   their   homework   and   are   careless.   Older   students   with   ADHD   are   less   communicative   and   react   spontaneously.   The   main   symptoms   are:– 1)   Restlessness 2)   Unable   to   concentrate 3)   Difficulty   in   following   instructions 4)   Losing   things 5)   Doing   little   mistakes 6)   Great   deal   of   mood   swings Teacher   should   start   with   evaluating   the   child's   needs   and   strengths.   The   assessment   should   be   done   on   the   behavior   and   academic   needs.   After   evaluating   all   their   needs   appropriate   practice   should   be   chose.   The   selected   practice   should   gain   the   attention   of   the   child   and   is   appropriate   to   their   age.   It   should   be   kept   in   mind   that   the   practice   that   is   selected   should   be   a   additional   benefit   to   the   students   who   do   not   have   ADHD.   After   selecting   all   the   practices   they   must   be   wrapped   up   in   a   single   program. After   the   conclusion   of   each  Ã‚   lesson   the   selected   practice   should   achieve   its   goal.   The   lessons   must   be   presented   in   a   different   manner.   Teacher   should   prepare   the   lesson   and   the   activities   planned   in   advance.   The   review   of   the   previous   lessons   also   proves   out   to   be   beneficial   for   the   students.   Teacher   must   identify   all   the   materials   needed   in   the   classroom,   because   sometimes   it   becomes   very   difficult   for   the   children   to   identify   the   materials   on   their   own. It   is   very   hard   for   the   students   with   ADHD   to   change   from   one   topic   to   another.   Therefore   revision   of   the   previous   lecture   is   a   must.   The   use   of   audiovisual   materials   helps   the   students   a   lot. Describe   how   students   can identify   and   correct   their   own   mistakes.   For   example,   remind   students   that   they   should   check   their   calculations   in math   problems   and   reiterate how   they   can   check their   calculations;   remind   students   of   particularly   difficult  Ã‚   spelling rules   and   how   students   can   watch   out   for   easy- to – make   errors. If   the   teacher   tries   to   lower   the   noise   level   in   the   classroom   it   helps   a   child   in   maintaining   his   focus. Teaching   strategies   for   students   with   emotional   behavioral   disorder:- For   teaching   the   students   with   EBD   teacher   should   encourage   the   positive   learning   techniques.   The   objectives   of   the   lesson   should   be   presented   before   which   helps   in   predictability.   The   presentation   should   be   exciting,   and   if   the   students   performs   well   he   should   be   given rewards.   This   helps   a   lot   in   dealing   with   the   students   with   EBD.   The   vocabulary   used   in   the   presentation   should   be   lucid   and   the   feedback   should   be   given   immediately. The   lessons   should   be   started   with   the   interesting   items   or   questions.   It   should   be   kept   in   mind   that   if   a   teacher   wants a   child   to   be   excited   about   learning   then   teacher   should   be   excited   about   teaching.   While   taking   up   the   lessons   students   should   know   that   they   are   learning   and   making   progress.   After   completing,   the   lesson   must   be   revised   and   the   students   should   be   prepared   to   move   to   next   lesson.   The   long   presentations   must   be   cut   into   short   presentations,   so   as   in   case   of   long   assignments.   Extra   time   should   be   given   to   students   for   completing   their   work. The   environment   of   a   class   should   be   healthy.   Rules and   regulations   should   be   made   and   teach   them   to   act   in   accordance   with   the   rules.   The   environment   of   a   class   should   be   quiet   as   well   active.   Adequate   materials   should   be   provided   to   them   so   that   they   do   not   feel   shortage   of   resources   in   between   the   lecture.   There should   be enough room   for   the   students   to   move   in   the   classroom   without   disturbing   each other   and   adequate   space   must   be   provided   to   them   for   their   personal   belongings.   The   classroom   rules should   be   less   and   positive.   They   should   emphasize   more   on   like   what   students   must   do   in   class. Teacher   should   communicate   with   a   child   in   a   non   threatening   manner   and   should   show   the   personal   interest   in   a   child.   This   makes   a   child   feel   good   and   boost   up   his   confidence   level.   Proper   gestures   and   body   language   is   very   important   in   communication.   The   gesture   given   should   be   holding   longer   than   normal.   Speaking   slowly   and   clearly   are   also   very   important.   Proper   wait   time   should   be   included   because   some   students   are   slow   learners. Managing   behavior   is   very   important   in   dealing   with   the   EBD   students.   Sometimes   it   proves   out   to   be   very   beneficial   to   ignore   the   negative   behaviors,   because   sometimes   a   child   behaves   negatively   in   order   to   grab   the   attention.   Punishment   should   only   be   used   in   a   case   when   the   behavior   of   a   child   is   harmful   for   other   students. There   must   be   a   social   problem   technique,   which   effectively   identifies   the   problems   and   provides   the   best   solution   for   it.   Anger   management   is   the   main   problem   with   the   child   suffering   from   EBD.   Anger   is   natural   so   it   useful   to   teach   anger   control   techniques   rather   anger   elimination   techniques.   The   first   step   in   anger   management   is   to   convince   a   child   that   he   should   change,   teaching   relaxation   techniques   helps   a   lot. Teaching   strategies   for   the   students   having   learning   disabilities:- Learning   disabilities   is   a   problem   in   which   a   child   finds   difficulty   in   organizing   received   information,   remembering   them,   manipulating   them.   But   with   the   effective   learning   strategies   they   can   be   taught   effectively.   The   common   symptoms   are   difficulty   in   learning,   poor   memory,   difficulty   in   remembering   facts,   confusion   among   the   basic   words,   spelling   and   reading   errors,   impulsive   behavior   etc.  ·      The   course   load   should   be   low,   because the   course   load  Ã‚   will   make   them   even   more   poor   learners.  ·    Questions should   be   asked   in   a   clarifying   manner,   the   language   used   must   be   easy   to   digest.  ·      The   key   points   of   the   chapter   must   be   told   before   the   beginning   of   the   chapter.  ·      While   writing   on   the   board   verbalize   what   is   being   written,   the   audio   and   video   effects   in   teaching   boost   up   the   learning   capabilities.  ·      The   environment   of   the   class   must   be   peaceful   so   that   the   students   do   not   feel   diverted.  ·      The   assignments   should   be   given   in   oral   form   as   well   as   in   written   form.  ·      They   should   be   given   more   time   to   complete   difficult   assignments.  ·      The   pace   of   teaching   should   be   kept   in   accordance   with   their   learning   abilities.  ·      Using   plenty   of   examples   in   the   presentation   makes   their   understanding   level   high.  ·      Encourage   them   to   borrow   the   classmate’s   notes   if   required.  ·      Colored   apparatus   must   be   used   for   high   visual   recognition. Group   discussion   helps   a   lot   for   the   students   having   learning   disabilities,   for   them   group   discussion   is   fun   as   well   as   is   beneficial   in   learning.   Encourage   them   to   ask   questions   during   or   after   the   lecture   to   make   sure   that   they   have   understood   completely.   Teacher   must   pay   individual   attention   towards   every   child.   Frequent   sessions   with   a   child   for   proper   assessment   should   be   conducted.   Using   large   fonts   make   their   processing   fast. Give   individual   conferences   to   guide   students   with learning   disabilities   to   monitor   progress   and   understanding   of   the   assignment   and   of   the   course   content. Examples   of   science   role   models   with   disabilities   should   be   given   to   them   frequently   so   that   they   do   not   feel   depressed.   Encourage   them   to   ask   for   help   whenever   needed. It   would   be   wrong   to   assess   the   potential   of   a   child   on   the   basis   of   test   scores.   Every   child   has   its   own   strength   and   weaknesses. Summary:- The   main   aim   of   teaching   is to educate   individuals   who   are   active   members   in   the   society   at   it’s   various   levels. Teachers   are   very   important   in   our   society   because   we   need   them   to   provide   our   youth   with   the   knowledge   and social   experiences   they   will   need   to   improve   their   future   and   the   future   of   the   entire   planet. While   teaching   students   with   exceptionalities   teacher   should   keep   in   mind   that   every   child   is   special.   Teacher   should   not   run   from  Ã‚   their   responsibilities,   they   can   change   the   life   of   these   children’s.   Every   child   likes   different   environment,   so   it   better   for   a   teacher   to   try   to   educate   them   keeping   in   mind   their   likes   and   dislikes. Teachers   can   apologies   to   the   government   to   issue   the   policies   which   are   in   pure   favor   of   these   children’s.   Like   in   maximum   countries   reservations   are   made   for   these   children. The   teachers should   motivate   the   society   around   them   to   take   care   of   these   children.   We   should   all believe   that   there   are   hopes   for   those   children’s   and   we   can   do   something   for   them.   These   children   have   their   own   qualities   like   others   and   they   can   help   our   society   uprising.   No   one   should   take   it   as   taken   for   granted   because   this   can   happen   to   any   body,   what   if  Ã‚   they   got   suffered   with  Ã‚   the  Ã‚   same.   The   society   will   surely  Ã‚  Ã‚   turn   their   face   around   from   those   children.   But   if   we   all   together   work   for   them   then   changes   can   be   there. Questions:— 1)   Did   you   ever   felt   frustrated   in   teaching   students   with   exceptionalities? 2)   What   are   the   important   strategies   adopted   by   you? 3)   How   you   will   handle  Ã‚   the   disputes   between   the   students? 4)   Any   special   apparatus   is   required   for   teaching   them? 5)   What   are   the   methods   you   have   implemented   to   provide   social   exposure? 6) According   to   you   what   kind   of   environment   do   you   think   is   best   suited   for   them? References Adelizzi,   Jane U.   &   Goss,   Diane B.,   (2001),   Parenting   children   with   learning disabilities,   Greenwood Publishing  Ã‚   Group,   ISBN: 0897897722 Dockrell, Julie,   & McShane, John   (1993), Children's   learning   difficulties:   A   cognitive  Ã‚   approach,   Blackwell Publishing,   ISBN: 0631170170